Additionally, 77% had delirium or coma (acute brain dysfunction), and compared with other patients, had fewer ventilator-free days (P = .03), longer stay (P = .04), higher care needs at discharge (P = .001), higher mortality (P = .02), and higher levels of interleukin 6 (P = .03), and the APOE*3/*3 apolipoprotein E genotype (P = .05).
In patients with only coma (n=15), only delirium (n=7), and neither ever (n=14), we measured plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17,macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
Adjusted for age, cognitive impairment, and functional impairment, three SNPs in the DRD2 gene and seven SNPs in the SLC6A3 gene were associated with delirium; none of these associations was significant after correction for multiple testing.
Without correction for multiple testing, we found a significantly increased allele frequency of a common DRD3 gene variant expressing a serine at position 9 in the extracellular N-terminal part of the receptor protein in 55 alcohol-dependent individuals with delirium (chi 2 = 4.1, df = 1, p = 0.042).
The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms in three dopamine-related genes (the dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2), dopamine receptor 3 (DRD3), and the dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) gene) were associated with delirium.
Using bivariate statistics, subjects with more severe acute illness, lower insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels and more severe delirium were more likely to experience a ≥20% improvement in MMSE scores.
A model incorporating gender, APOE epsilon 4 status and IGF-I levels predicted recovery or not from delirium in 76.5% of cases, with a sensitivity 0.77 and specificity 0.75.
Similarly lower levels of IGF-I, and high levels of IFN-gamma, are statistically significantly (P < 0.05) associated with higher DRS scores (more severe delirium).
In patients with only coma (n=15), only delirium (n=7), and neither ever (n=14), we measured plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17,macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
Lower levels of IGF-I, and lower levels of circulating IL-1RA, are significantly (P < 0.05) associated with delirium, while the remaining of cytokines, severity of illness and possession of epsilon 4 allele had a non-significant effect.
Additionally, 77% had delirium or coma (acute brain dysfunction), and compared with other patients, had fewer ventilator-free days (P = .03), longer stay (P = .04), higher care needs at discharge (P = .001), higher mortality (P = .02), and higher levels of interleukin 6 (P = .03), and the APOE*3/*3 apolipoprotein E genotype (P = .05).
In patients with only coma (n=15), only delirium (n=7), and neither ever (n=14), we measured plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17,macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
This study examined the association of demographic, clinical and biological factors (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1RA, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, LIF, IGF-I, APOE genotype) with the presence and severity of delirium.
This study examined the association of demographic, clinical and biological factors (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1RA, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, LIF, IGF-I, APOE genotype) with the presence and severity of delirium.
The present study tests the hypothesis that the 9-repeat allele of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1; SLC6A3) is more frequent in alcohol-dependent probands--and in particular those with severe withdrawal symptoms (seizures and/or delirium)--compared to nonalcoholics.