Alcohol dependence is associated with a widespread reduction of cannabinoid CB1 receptor binding in the human brain and this reduction persists at least 2-4 weeks into abstinence.
Alcohol dependence is associated with increased corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) influence on CeA GABA release and CRF type 1 receptor (CRF(1)) antagonists prevent the excessive alcohol consumption associated with dependence.
Alcohol dependence is associated with increased corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) influence on CeA GABA release and CRF type 1 receptor (CRF(1)) antagonists prevent the excessive alcohol consumption associated with dependence.
Neurotensin receptors in the neurons of the ventral tegmental area facilitate dopamine release, making the neurotensin gene an excellent candidate gene for alcohol dependence and for other behaviors that involve reinforcement.
5-HT2C Cys23Ser allele frequencies and genotypes did not differ among patients with alcohol dependence, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, narcolepsy and normal healthy volunteers.
DARPP-32 (dopamine and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein, 32 kDa) is an important component of dopaminergic function in brain areas thought to be important for drug and alcohol addiction.
GABRB2 and GRIN2B genotypes were associated with significant regional differences in the pattern of beta subunit expression, but this was not influenced by alcoholism status.
Hepcidin liver expression is inappropriately low in alcoholic patients with active alcoholism and preserved hepatic function, and we conclude that this is the mechanism for alcohol consumption-associated iron overload in humans.
SGCE mutations are associated with a specific psychiatric phenotype consisting of compulsivity, anxiety and alcoholism in addition to the characteristic motor phenotype.
DBH effects were confirmed [odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, P = 0.04] after controlling for associated clinical variables (MD severity, OR = 3.4, P < 0.001; antisocial personality disorder, OR = 2.2, P < 0.001; alcohol dependence, OR = 1.4, P = 0.05; and nicotine dependence, OR = 1.4, P = 0.06).
A case group of males with type 2 alcoholism (N=59) and a control group of healthy males (N=282), both of Croatian origin, were analyzed for the frequency distribution of polymorphisms in 5HT transporter (5HTT-VNTR2, 5HTT-LPR), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-uVNTR) and B (MAOB-A/G) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1 A218C) and 2 (TPH2 G-703T) genes.