Taken together, Orientals who possess an atypical ALDH2 gene are more sensitive to acute responses to alcohol, tend to be discouraged from drinking alcohol, and consequently are at lower risk of developing alcohol-related disorders.
Since the brain peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in the regulation of a number of behaviors known to be altered in clinical depression as well as in learned helplessness, we measured the relative level of NPY mRNA in the hippocampus and cortex of control Sprague Dawley (SD), LH and NLH rats.
Since the GHRH-GH-IGF-I axis has an important role in growth regulation, the growth retardation seen in experimental models of alcohol abuse may be a consequence at least in part of the suppressive effects of ethanol on this axis.
These results are inconsistent with the view that excessive use of alcohol causes the association between nontasting and alcoholism and are consistent with the view that there is a genetic association between PROP/PTC-tasting and alcoholism.
In the light of data that major depression is associated with an activation of brain CRH and LC-NE systems, the time-dependent effect of long-term imipramine administration on decreasing the gene expression of CRH in the hypothalamus and TH in the LC may be relevant to the therapeutic efficacy of this agent in depression.
In the light of data that major depression is associated with an activation of brain CRH and LC-NE systems, the time-dependent effect of long-term imipramine administration on decreasing the gene expression of CRH in the hypothalamus and TH in the LC may be relevant to the therapeutic efficacy of this agent in depression.
Linkage of bipolar disorder and recurrent depression to the chromosome 11p15 markers c-Harvey ras, insulin and tyrosine hydroxylase was tested using a series of genetic models with varying penetrance levels.
The investigation compared 37 men who were family history positive for alcoholism with 37 family history negative controls on postinfusion levels of cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone following 0.12 and 0.20 mg/kg of diazepam given IV over 7 minutes.
In an attempt to explain the well-known increase of serum mitochondrial AST-to-total AST ratio in chronic alcoholism (which is due to a specific increase of the mitochondrial isoenzyme), we analyzed: (a) liver and serum AST, ALT and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in 23 active drinkers with minimal liver changes, 11 alcoholic patients with cirrhosis who had stopped drinking, 18 nonalcoholic patients with viral chronic hepatitis and 11 subjects with normal livers; and (b) the expression of messenger RNAs for AST isoenzymes in the corresponding liver samples.
These findings suggest that genetically mediated alterations in the renin gene may exert a significant influence on alcohol consumption and may be a component in the etiology of alcoholism.
We conclude that, although alcoholism is a factor in the development of osteopenia, in males the ABO blood group status plays a significant role in the maximal mineralization of the skeleton and the amount of bone resorption during ageing, independent of alcohol abuse.
We conclude that, although alcoholism is a factor in the development of osteopenia, in males the ABO blood group status plays a significant role in the maximal mineralization of the skeleton and the amount of bone resorption during ageing, independent of alcohol abuse.
Similar studies with somatic cell mutants deficient in some component of cyclic AMP action or metabolism indicated that the depression in purine synthetic rates required G1 arrest and did not result from cell death.
Similar studies with somatic cell mutants deficient in some component of cyclic AMP action or metabolism indicated that the depression in purine synthetic rates required G1 arrest and did not result from cell death.
CF heterozygotes shared the decrease of alpha 1-lipoprotein with the patients while exhibiting small but significant depressions of alpha 2-macroglobulin and IgG.
The results of the TRH test and the DST point to similar endocrinological patterns in alcoholics as in depressive patients and thus support the hypothesis of a link between alcoholism and depression.
The results of the TRH test and the DST point to similar endocrinological patterns in alcoholics as in depressive patients and thus support the hypothesis of a link between alcoholism and depression.