In mtSNP-subset analysis, the gene MT-CO2 (P = 0.001, q = 0.09) in Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) and MT-ND2 (P = 0.004, q = 0.19) in Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)) were significantly associated with breast cancer risk.
Genetic variants in COX-2, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and breast cancer risk: the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study.
There is a need for further large studies into the role of these polymorphisms (especially rs5277) and other potentially functional polymorphisms/haplotypes in the COX-2 gene as breast cancer risk modifiers.
COX-2-rs20417 CC genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer when comparing to G allele [ORs were 1.231 (1.050-1.444) for CC vs. GG, P = 0.01, 1.223 (1.045-1.432) for CC vs. G carrier, P = 0.01].
Polymorphism -765 G/C in COX-2-encoding gene promoter is associated with development of Alzheimer's disease, depression, carcinoma of the pancreas in smokers, breast cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.
In this case-control study, three sequence variants rs689465, rs689466, rs20417 in the promoter region of COX-2 were screened to evaluate the association with breast cancer risk.
This review highlights research examining COX-2 and PGE(2)-dependent regulation of immune cell polarization and function within the tumor microenvironment, particularly as it pertains to breast cancer.
In this study, we synthesized a generation 4 polyamidoamine (G4PAMAM) dendrimer/COX-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide complex (G4PAMAM/COX-2ASODN), determined the transfection rate of G4PAMAM/COX-2ASODN on cultured breast cancer cells, assessed the cell viability, cell cycle dynamics, and cell invasiveness after transfection, and investigated the effects of G4PAMAM/COX-2ASODN on the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein and microvessel density (MVD) levels in the tumor tissues of a breast cancer nude mouse model.
These results provided evidence for the potential applications of RNA interference of the targeted COX‑2 gene in gene therapy for the treatment of breast cancer.
Furthermore, the observed inhibitory effects of silymarin on COX-2 and IL-1alpha should be further explored to develop preventive strategies against those cancers in which these molecular targets play one of the causative roles, such as non-melanoma skin, colon, and breast cancers in humans.
All results demonstrated that HPPDC nanoparticles can efficiently overcome drug resistance in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo by combining chemotherapy and COX-2 inhibitor.
Our findings suggest that concurrent use of glucocorticoids, ACE inhibitors, aspirin, NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, digoxin, and opioids has little impact on breast cancer recurrence.
We show that selective EP4 antagonists (EP4A) could mitigate all of these events tested with cells in vitro as well as in vivo in syngeneic COX-2 expressing mammary cancer bearing mice or immune-deficient mice bearing COX-2 over-expressing human breast cancer xenografts.
Analysis of clinical samples demonstrated that COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> /EP<sub>4</sub> signaling is elevated in basal-like and chemoresistant breast carcinoma and is correlated with survival and relapse of breast cancer.
COX-2 is highly expressed in LIN, supporting a role for this protein in the early stage of breast carcinogenesis, representing the rationale for using COX-2 selective inhibitors in the earliest stages of breast cancer.