Gene Disease Score gda Association Type Original DB Sentence supporting the association PMID PMID Year
Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE COX-2 levels were significantly higher in tumors with larger sizes and in those with deeper invasions but were not correlated with whether the patients had metastasis or not. 9809985

1998

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE Recently, we demonstrated that elevated expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is frequently seen in a specific type of lung cancer, i.e., adenocarcinoma, and is possibly associated with its invasion and metastasis. 10353732

1999

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE These findings suggest that inhibition of COX-2 development may lead not only to inhibition of the proliferation and metastasis of prostate carcinoma but also to the inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis. 10931458

2000

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE The finding that TIMP-2 and COX-2 expression in cervical cancer may be affected by the stage of the menstrual cycle supports the hypothesis that ovarian hormones may affect the expression of genes involved in metastasis. 11156216

2000

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE Specimens from patients with lymph node metastasis exhibited higher COX-2 protein expression (P=.0074), PGE2 levels (P=.0011) and microvessel density (P<.0001) than specimens from patients without metastasis. 11326316

2001

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE Cyclooxygenase-2 is considered to have an important role in the development of metastasis in cancer due to angiogenesis function. 11342898

2001

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE It has been well established that overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in epithelial cells inhibits apoptosis and increases the invasiveness of malignant cells, favoring tumorigenesis and metastasis. 11389100

2001

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE Further, while COX-2 itself is known to be inducible in inflammation, COX-2 expression levels correlated well with the capabilities of these clones for not only in vitro motility and invasion but also in vivo metastasis, and COX-2 inhibitors were shown for the first time to reduce lung cancer metastasis in vivo. 11464289

2001

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE The aim of this study was to determine whether COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production correlate with microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and tumor metastasis in human colorectal cancer. 11729113

2001

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE A large body of evidence suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated in carcinoma tissues and plays roles in promoting cell-proliferation, growth and metastasis of carcinoma cells. 11920595

2002

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE These data collectively imply COX-2 may play an important role during premalignant hyperproliferation, as well as the later stages of invasive carcinoma and metastasis in various human epithelial cancers. 12051953

2002

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE COX-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells increases resistance to apoptosis, promotes tumor angiogenesis, and enhances invasion and metastasis. 12432918

2002

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between COX-2 (with the resulting prostaglandins E(2), PGE(2)) and PPARgamma (and its natural endogenous ligand 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), 15d-PGJ(2)) at various stages during the development of human breast cancer and its progression to metastasis. 12455057

2003

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE These results demonstrate the ability of HBx to promote tumor cell invasion by a mechanism involving the upregulation of MT1-MMP and COX-2 and provide new insights into the mechanism of action of this viral protein and its involvement in tumor metastasis and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. 12488433

2002

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE The expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), a key molecule in osteoclast differentiation, mRNAs was markedly elevated in bone with metastasis. 12559967

2003

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE In addition, COX-2 expression was not associated with HPV positivity.COX-1 expression is associated with VEGF expression in primary tumor tissue and at sites of metastasis to lymph nodes. 12821346

2003

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE Statistical differences between COX-2 high and COX-2 low were found with respect to the status of distant metastasis (M factor) (p = 0.035) and tumor stage (p = 0.04). 12963227

2003

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies indicates that COX-2-derived prostaglandins participate in carcinogenesis, inflammation, immune response suppression, apoptosis inhibition, angiogenesis, and tumor cell invasion and metastasis. 14519750

2003

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE Although it has been well established that overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) favors tumorigenesis and metastasis, the molecular mechanism that regulates Cox-2 expression has not been well defined in gastric carcinoma. 14550281

2003

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE We correlated the cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression with the chromosomal gain of 1q25.2-q25.3 and patients survival and compared primary colorectal cancers and their paired metastases at the DNA and protein level. 14719154

2004

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE COX-2 expression is strongly correlated with increased tumor microvasculature density and plays an important role in inhibiting apoptosis, stimulating angiogenesis and promoting tumor cell metastasis and invasion. 14754878

2004

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE In contrast to the high COX-2 expression in metastatic tumors, transplantation of poorly tumorigenic tumor cell lines to syngeneic mice results in less COX-2 expression and less COX-2 activity in vivo. 15217498

2004

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE Cyclooxygenases (particularily Cox-2) are involved in carcinogenesis and metastatic cancer progression. 15328521

2004

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 AlteredExpression BEFREE LPA contributes to the development, progression, and metastasis of ovarian cancer in part by inducing the expression of genes that contribute to proliferation, survival, or invasion, including cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). 15781636

2005

Entrez Id: 5743
Gene Symbol: PTGS2
PTGS2
CUI: C0027627
Disease: Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Metastasis
0.600 Biomarker BEFREE In this study, we conclude that COX-2 overexpression in human breast cancer cells enhances cell motility and invasiveness thus suggesting a mechanism of COX-2 mediated metastasis. 15809733

2005