Diabetes increases the severity of impairment in PD, and GLP-1 improve it through its direct neuronal effect in addition to its indirect effect through producing hypoglycemia.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are used for diabetes and obesity treatment, and animal studies have indicated cognitive-enhancing effects.
GLP-1 analogues and SGLT-2 inhibitors are currently approved for use in diabetes, have shown early efficacy in NASH and also have beneficial cardiovascular effects.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are used to treat diabetes and promote weight loss but have also been shown to affect fluid homeostasis in the kidney.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) targeting using radiolabeled exendin is a promising approach to noninvasively visualize and determine beta cell mass (BCM), which could help to unravel the pathophysiology of diabetes.
GLP-1-based therapeutics have been highly successful in terms of obesity and diabetes management, however GIP therapies have found no clinical utility to date.
GLP-1 RA drugs in addition to conventional hypoglycemic therapy may significantly reduce systemic inflammation and circulating BNP levels in CRTd patients with diabetes, leading to a significant improvement of LVEF and of the 6 min walking test, and to a reduction of the arrhythmic burden.
GLP-1 therapy is effective concerning weight loss in overweight patients and is more often used in females and patients with shorter diabetes duration.
GLP-1, a peptide hormone secreted from the gut stimulating insulin and suppressing glucagon secretion was identified as a parent compound for novel treatments of diabetes, but was degraded (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) eliminated (mainly kidneys) too fast (half-life 1-2 min) to be useful as a therapeutic agent.