IP-10 levels in plasma, DPS and DBS samples collected before, during (2 months) and after TB treatment of 36 EPTB patients (6 culture and/or Xpert MTB/RIF positive and 30 clinically diagnosed) and 8 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Finally, clinical analysis showed that IL-27 was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and increased IL-27 concentrations were correlated with increased CXCL10 concentrations in patients with COPD and PTB.
Finally, we showed that the serum levels of IL-1α, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-23, and IP-10 were significantly reduced in <i>M. tuberculosis</i>/HIV-coinfected individuals with PTB compared to those in HIV-negative individuals with PTB (<i>P < </i>0.05), suggesting that HIV infection significantly suppresses <i>M. tuberculosis</i>-induced systemic proinflammatory cytokine responses.
Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of IP-10 for differentiating of PTB and LTBI following stimulation with recombinant PE35 and PPE68 were 770 pg/ml (sensitivity: 63%; specificity: 62%) and 502 pg/ml (sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 52%), respectively.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 21 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were cultured for 48 h with culture filtrate antigen (CFA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with or without vitamin D(3) at a concentration 1 × 10(-7)M. The relative mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α, CCL3), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β, CCL4), and regulated upon-activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted (RANTES, CCL5) and IFN-γ inducible protein-10 (IP-10, CXCL10) chemokines were estimated from 48 h old macrophages using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
The combination of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2R, and the combination of TNF-α, IL-2R, CXCL9, and CXCL10 showed the best performance for detecting active PTB (both 100% positivity) and LTBI (86.36% and 81.82% positivity, respectively).
We found that the presence of the "C" allele increases the transcriptional activity of the TLR9, which in turn induces high levels of Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), a biomarker for PTB.