This review focuses on present knowledge and recent development in the study of heparanase in cancer progression as well as on novel mechanisms by which heparanase regulates tumor metastasis and chemo-resistance.
Although cancer cells use heparanase for tumor metastasis, favourable effects of heparanase have been reported in the management of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes.
Heparanase, an endo-β-D-glucuronidase, cleaves cell surface and extracellular matrix heparan sulfate (HS) chains and plays important roles in cellular growth and metastasis.
In summary, metastasis has a predilection to organs with low levels of heparanase, TF, TFPI, and TFPI-2 in the microcirculation, which enables tumor cell retention.
In this study, an enzyme-responsive nanoparticle was designed for tumor subtypes with the high expression of heparanase-1, since highly metastatic tumors such as melanoma generally express significant levels of heparanase-1.
Thus, our study not only establishes a specific inhibitor of heparanase with high affinity but also illustrates the high effectiveness of this multivalent heparanase inhibitor in inhibiting experimental metastasis in vivo.
Heparanase has been strongly associated with important pathological processes including inflammatory disease and tumor metastasis, through its ability to promote various cellular functions such as cell migration, invasion, adhesion, and cytokine release.
RNA-sequencing analysis was performed upon knockdown of HPSE, and several pathways were identified that are closely associated with invasion and metastasis.
HPA was related to lymph metastasis and invasive depth.HPA positive GC cases and <i>H. pylori</i> positive GC cases showed poorer prognosis than HPA negative cases (<i>P</i> < 0.05).
Both heparanase mRNA and activity in plasma and urine decreased significantly in 17 patients who underwent R<sub>0</sub> resection, but increased remarkably in 6 patients when recurrence or metastasis occurred (P < 0.05).
Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate (HS) degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation.
Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate (HS) degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation.
We sought to evaluate the feasibility of HPA as a common TAA for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumor metastasis and its potential application in tumor molecular imaging.
However, the roles of eRNAs in regulating the expression of heparanase (HPSE), an established endo-β-D-glucuronidase essential for cancer invasion and metastasis, still remain elusive.
The up-regulation of heparanase expression increases tumor size, angiogenesis, and metastasis, representing a validated target in the anti-cancer field.
Thus, examination of heparanase levels in the tumor metastases should be evaluated for most efficient precision medicine applying heparanase inhibitors.
Several dendrimer HS glycomimetics display low nM IC<sub>50</sub> potency for heparanase inhibition equivalent to comparator compounds in clinical development, and potently inhibit metastasis and growth of human myeloma tumor cells in a mouse xenograft model.
Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate (HS)-degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation.
Mammalian cells express a single functional heparanase, an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate and thereby promotes tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation.
Heparanase is a heparan sulfate degrading enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) chains present on HS proteoglycans (HSPGs), and has been well characterized for its roles in tumor metastasis and inflammation.
By degrading HS, HPSE not only alters the integrity of the ECM but also releases growth factors and angiogenic factors bound to HS chains, therefore, changes various cellular activities, including cell mobility that is critical for cancer metastasis.
This review focuses on recent developments in the field of heparanase regulation of cancer and inflammation, including the impact of heparanase on exosomes and autophagy, and novel mechanisms whereby heparanase regulates tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance.