X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC, OMIM 300200) due to mutations in the DAX-1 gene is frequently associated to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HHG, OMIM 238320).
X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita is a rare cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children due to mutations in NR0B1/DAX1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1/dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita at the critical region of the X chromosome, gene 1).
Adrenal hypoplasia congenita with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: evidence that DAX-1 mutations lead to combined hypothalmic and pituitary defects in gonadotropin production.
X-linked adrenal hypoplasia in a large Greenlandic family. Detection of a missense mutation (N4401) in the DAX-1 gene; implication for genetic counselling and carrier diagnosis.
DAX-1 plays a critical role during gonadal and adrenal differentiation since mutations of the human DAX-1 gene cause X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
DAX-1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal adrenal hypoplasia congenital critical region on X chromosome, gene 1) is an atypical member of the nuclear receptor family and acts as a corepressor of a number of nuclear receptors.
NR0B1 is the causative gene for X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita, characterized by adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and infertility.
A careful analysis of the pedigree of this family lead to the recognition of an X-linked inheritance pattern, with subsequent confirmation in a female heterozygous carrier of a DAX1 missense mutation c.1274G>T, (p.Arg425Ile).The diagnosis of this condition remains challenging in a developing country, since the manifestations of AHC overlap with those of the much more frequently occurring infections; darkening of the skin is difficult to evaluate and there is a lack of access to routine endocrinological testing.
Absence of DAX-1 is responsible for adrenal hypoplasia congenita, a human inherited disorder characterized by adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Additionally, accurate reporting of mutations in NR0B1 and the associated phenotype are important to eventually establish a genotype-phenotype correlation that may help anticipate guidance in AHC.
Adrenocorticotropin-dependent precocious puberty of testicular origin in a boy with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita due to a novel mutation in the DAX1 gene.