Genome-wide association studies in Africans have yielded genetic discovery that would otherwise not be possible; these include identification of novel loci associated with obesity (SEMA-4D, PRKCA, WARS2), metabolic syndrome (CA-10, CTNNA3), and T2D (AGMO, ZRANB3).
In summary, these results suggest that ZPR1 plays an important role in the etiology of T2DM, and this gene might be involved in abnormal glucose metabolism.
Drug delivery and therapeutic challenges of gliclazide, a BCS class II drug used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be overcome by exploring smarter carriers of second-generation nanocrystals (SGNCs).
Mitochondrial nt 3243 A-->G mutation was screened among 207 unrelated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/Apa I restriction endonuclease digestion.
In CAD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Apa1showed a decreased risk in heterozygote model (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66-0.98); however, increased risk in recessive model (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 2.74-9.13) was discovered in CAD patients without T2DM.The Fok1 polymorphism may play a protective role in CAD, and the possible protective role in Apa1 CA genotype in CAD patients with T2DM needs further studies.
Nominally significant association (P<0.05) was observed for markers in: TCF7L2, RBMS1, CDKAL1, ZNF239, KCNQ1 and TCF1 and a significant bias (P<0.05) towards OR>1 was observed for markers selected from previous T2D genome-wide association studies, consistent with a role for Old World variants in susceptibility to T2D in Latin Americans.
This localization, combined with the observation that abnormalities in the activation, translocation, and inhibition of PKC occur in the development of Type II diabetes, suggested that PRKCBP1 was a candidate for contributing to Type II diabetes.
Clinically relevant ZMPSTE24 variants identified in the largest database of exomes sequences derived from T2D patients were characterized using the yeast model, revealing 14 partial loss-of-function variants, which were enriched among diabetes patients over 2-fold.
Recently, 10 novel type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ZMIZ1, ANK1, KLHDC5, TLE1, ANKRD55, CILP2, MC4R, BCAR1, HMG20A, and GRB14 loci were discovered in MetaboChip-genotyped populations of European ancestry.
However the ZIP paralogues of particular importance for zinc uptake, and associations with β-cell function and Type 2 Diabetes remain largely unexplored.
Less complex regimens for intensification following basal insulin may help reduce the time and healthcare resources required for intensification and address some of the challenges T2D patients face when intensifying to basal-bolus or basal with GLP-1.
This retrospective database study evaluated recent real-world treatment and dosing patterns of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating GLP-1 RAs in Belgium (BE), France (FR), Germany (DE), Italy (IT), the Netherlands (NL), and Canada (CA).
The usefulness of synthetic GLP-1 analogs as blood glucose-lowering agents is discussed, and the applicability of GLP-1 as a therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes is highlighted.
Insulin resistance was improved while GLP-1 and Ghrelin was changed significantly in patients with type 2 diabetes prior to weight loss either in the LSG or LGB group.
The Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a well-established target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and GLP-1R agonist-based therapies represent an effective approach which results in several GLP-1 analog drugs.
MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library (2005-present) were searched for studies in patients with T2DM or the general population that compared preferences for GLP1 RAs or GLP1 RAs versus insulin using contingent valuation, conjoint analysis (discrete-choice experiments [DCEs], willingness to pay), rating-based approaches of specific attributes, standard gamble, or time trade-off.
We illustrate this approach using data from the UK's Clinical Practice Research Datalink to evaluate whether the newer glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 analogs) used to treat type 2 diabetes increase the risk of heart failure, in comparison with the older similarly indicated sulfonylureas.
Sitagliptin improved glucose assimilation in detriment of fatty-acid utilization in experimental type-II diabetes: role of GLP-1 isoforms in Glut4 receptor trafficking.