In the family reported by Golabi and Rosen, a duplication of GPC4 was recently identified, suggesting that GPC4 could be the second gene for SGBS but no point mutations within GPC4 have yet been reported.
Analysis of DNA samples from eight patients with diagnosis of SGBS identified one individual with a deletion that involves the entire GPC4 gene and the last two exons of GPC3.
One region of Xq26.2 comprises the genes GPC3 and GPC4; deletion or duplication of this region has been recently been shown to result in overgrowth, specifically Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome.
GPC5 and GPC6 show homology with GPC3 and GPC4, genes involved in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, an overgrowth syndrome in which also polydactyly can occur.
Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that GPC4 is most closely related to GPC6, which is associated with a bone dysplasia that has a phenotypic overlap with Keipert syndrome.
This patient shows a complex phenotype, including the unusual feature of hydrocephalus; but because an uncle with SGBS is less affected, it remains unclear whether the GPC4 deletion itself contributes to the phenotype.
GPC5 and GPC6 show homology with GPC3 and GPC4, genes involved in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, an overgrowth syndrome in which also polydactyly can occur.
One region of Xq26.2 comprises the genes GPC3 and GPC4; deletion or duplication of this region has been recently been shown to result in overgrowth, specifically Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome.
Mutational analysis of the GPC3/GPC4 glypican gene cluster on Xq26 in patients with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome: identification of loss-of-function mutations in the GPC3 gene.
Distribution of the GPC4 genotype also revealed differences between EBVnGC and control groups, no significant differences in the allelic frequency of the GPC4 gene (rs1048369) were observed.
Gene polymorphism rs1048369 of glypican-4 (GPC4) gene has been reported to be significantly different between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (GC) and EBV-negative GC.
Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that GPC4 is most closely related to GPC6, which is associated with a bone dysplasia that has a phenotypic overlap with Keipert syndrome.
Furthermore, the expression of GPC4 was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and remarkably correlated with patients' overall survival according to the data derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas database.
Our results reveal a CD36-GPC4-β-catenin-c-myc signaling axis that regulates glycolysis in CRC development and may provide an intervention strategy for CRC prevention.
Beneficial effects of exercise training and chamomile flowers extract (CFE) are shown through activation of PPARγ, which is a promising drug target in diabetes and associated with GPC-4 synthesis.
Beneficial effects of exercise training and chamomile flowers extract (CFE) are shown through activation of PPARγ, which is a promising drug target in diabetes and associated with GPC-4 synthesis.