CCL3 treatment in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) could activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to different degrees and increase the expression of cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, TNF-α, and RANKL.
Thus, results of this study suggest that activation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway plays a pivotal role in mediating hypoxia-induced EMT transformation and invasion of RA-FLSs under hypoxia.
The expression of PI3K was higher, the expression of PIK3R2 was lower, and AKT was phosphorylated in the RA synovial tissues, relative to the levels found in the normal synovial tissues.
We found that IL-17 induction of CCL2/MCP-1 was mediated by the PI3K, ERK, and JNK pathways in RA ST fibroblasts and by the PI3K and ERK pathways in macrophages.
The purpose of our study was to elucidate the impact of microRNA-126 (miR-126) targeting PIK3R2 gene on cell proliferation and apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibro-blasts (RASFs) by regulating PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
This novel observation provides the scope to develop new therapeutics targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in autoimmune diseases like psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Through the study of signaling pathways, we established that the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by HSN may show therapeutic effects in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is considered as a promising therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of its involvement in inflammatory processes.
More importantly, metformin induced G2/M cell cycle phase arrest in RA-FLS via the IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT/ m-TOR pathway and inhibited m-TOR phosphorylation through both the IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways thereby further upregulating and down-regulating p70s6k and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, respectively; however, metformin was found not to induce apoptosis in RA-FLSs.
The possible signaling pathways associated with the effect of triptolide were investigated by Gene Ontology and pathway analysis, revealing that the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway has a key role in the proliferation and apoptosis of synovial cells in RA joints.
This data demonstrates that RSFLs activated by VEGF binding of VEGFR2 express VE-cadherin and formed tube-like structure under the control of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways suggesting that the inhibition suppresses vascular development in RA synovium.
In summary, these data implied that Foxc1 might regulates fibroblast-like synoviocytes proliferation by reducing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and all above findings provide novel therapeutic effects in the treatment for RA patients.
Among the class 1 PI3K family proteins known to be expressed in RA synoviocytes, PI3Kα was selectively involved in PDGF-B expression, whereas both PI3Kα and PI3Kδ participated in invadosome formation.
In this study, we investigate the potentially therapeutic role of artesunate (Art) on chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.