In this study, we aimed to explore the association among gene variants of five cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and clinical parameters and prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with novel therapeutic drugs in Turkish population for the first time except TNF-α.
In a retrospective cross-sectional study, levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in peripheral hematopoietic stem cells/leukapheresis product (PHSC) of patients with MM eligible for transplantation were evaluated.
Dendritic cells from patients with myeloma are numerically normal but functionally defective as they fail to up-regulate CD80 (B7-1) expression after huCD40LT stimulation because of inhibition by transforming growth factor-beta1 and interleukin-10.