De novo CIAS1 mutations, cytokine activation, and evidence for genetic heterogeneity in patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID): a new member of the expanding family of pyrin-associated autoinflammatory diseases.
Gain-of-function missense mutations in NLRP3 result in a group of autoinflammatory diseases collectively known as the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS).
In this report we describe a case of severe chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular (CINCA) syndrome with a novel G307Vcryopyrin mutation and all of the characteristic clinical and laboratory features of this autoinflammatory disease.
Remarkably, single TLR4 stimulation is sufficient to activate massive, GSDMD-mediated IL-1β secretion in monocytes from patients affected by Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS), an autoinflammatory disease linked to NLRP3 mutations.
Medical records of all male MWS patients with NLRP3 mutations followed in our tertiary center for inherited autoinflammatory diseases were reviewed retrospectively for data indicating fertility problems.
Mutations in the NALP3/CIAS1/PYPAF1 gene are associated with the autoinflammatory diseases Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), which is also known as chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular (CINCA) syndrome.
CAPS is a rare autoinflammatory disease associated with mutations in the NLRP3 gene that result in overactivation of the inflammasome, increased secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18, and systemic inflammation.
: Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), and chronic, infantile, neurological, cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome are dominantly inherited autoinflammatory diseases associated to gain-of-function NLRP3 mutations and included in the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS).
Activation of the inflammasome is a critical event triggering IL-1-driven inflammation and is central to the pathology of autoinflammatory diseases, such as gout and MWS.
Mutations in the cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome 1 (CIAS1) gene are associated with a spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases, including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome, and chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome, also known as neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease.
Recent studies suggest that NALP3 and CARD-8 functional mutations contribute to the development of autoinflammatory diseases including hereditary periodic fever syndrome, arthritis as well as hypertension susceptibility.
Dominant mutations in the CIAS1 gene cause a spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases such as familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, FCAS, which is characterized by episodes of urticaria, arthralgia, fever and conjunctivitis after generalized exposure to cold.
The first 4 described AID were familial Mediterranean fever, cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome (CAPS) or NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease (NRLP3-AID), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) and TNFRSF1A-receptor associated periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS).
To investigate the involvement of the CIAS1/PYPAF1/NALP3 gene in 7 unrelated Spanish families with recurrent autoinflammatory diseases characterized by early onset, recurrent fever, and a chronic urticarial rash, in whom a clinical diagnosis of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) is suspected.
CARD8 encodes a protein component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which plays an important role in inflammation and contributes to the pathology of various autoinflammatory diseases.