<b>Results:</b> We found that systemic delivery of HER2-targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles carrying cisplatin significantly inhibited the growth of primary tumor and peritoneal and lung metastases in the ovarian cancer xenograft model in nude mice.
HER2-positive patients show more frequently lung metastases (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-3.61; <i>p</i> = .014) and higher tumor burden (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10-2.01; <i>p</i> = .011), and tumors were more likely to be left sided (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22-1.11; <i>p</i> = .088).
A significant predominance of bone metastases was found in HR+/HER2- IBC (71.5%), and liver and lung metastases in the HR-/HER2+ (41.2%) and HR-/HER2- (40.8%) subtypes, respectively.
A total of 668 postmenopausal women with HR+, HER2- recurrent/metastatic breast cancer were randomized (1 : 1; stratified by presence/absence of liver and/or lung metastases) to ribociclib (600 mg/day; 3-weeks-on/1-week-off; 28-day treatment cycles) plus letrozole (2.5 mg/day; continuous) or placebo plus letrozole.
Although ablation of β1 or β3 integrin alone has limited effects on ErbB2-driven mammary tumorigenesis, deletion of both receptors resulted in a significant delay in tumor onset with a corresponding impairment in lung metastasis.
Finally, Foxo3 suppression was shown to markedly improve the effect of the HER-2/neu DNA vaccine in limiting the growth and lung metastases of MBT-2 cells.
For distant metastases, the results showed that there was a high probability of bone metastasis in HR-positive groups, brain and liver metastasis in HER2-positive groups, and lung metastasis in the TN group.
Furthermore, HuRt-T<sub>EXO</sub>, but not HER2-T<sub>EXO</sub> vaccination, is capable of suppressing early stage-established HER2-expressing 4T1<sub>HER2</sub> breast cancer in its lung metastasis or subcutaneous form in BALB/c mice, and of completely protecting transgenic HLA-A2/HER2 mice from growth of HLA-A2/HER2-expressing BL6-10<sub>A2/HER2</sub> melanoma.
In particular, the luminal tumors are remarkable for their significant bone-seeking phenotype; the HER2 subtype demonstrates a significant liver-homing characteristic; whereas so-called triple-negative breast cancers predispose to lung metastases.
In univariate Cox proportional hazards model, younger age at BCBM, estrogen receptor (ER)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ tumor subtype, and the absence of liver or lung metastases were associated with longer survival.
Indeed, RANK signalling in mammary carcinoma cells that overexpress the proto-oncogene Erbb2 (also known as Neu), which is frequently amplified in metastatic human breast cancers, was important for pulmonary metastasis.
Interestingly, for patients with two metastatic sites, those with bone and lung metastasis had best CSS in the HR+/HER2- (P<0.001) and HR+/HER2+ subgroups (P=0.009) However, for patients with three and four metastatic sites, there was no statistical difference in their CSS (all, P>0.05).
Loss of one or both PTEN alleles resulted in a dramatic acceleration of mammary tumor onset and an increased occurrence of lung metastases in the ErbB-2(KI) strain.
More notably, combinatorial treatments of anti-IL-23 mAb with IL-2 or anti-erbB2 mAb significantly inhibited subcutaneous growth of established mammary carcinomas and suppressed established experimental and spontaneous lung metastases.
Moreover, miR-489 overexpression inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis. miR-489 overexpression reduced mammary progenitor cell population significantly in preneoplastic mammary glands of MMTV-Her2 mice which showed a putative transformed population in HER2-induced tumorigenesis.
Pups receiving the C57BL/6J or BALB/cJ mitochondrial genome (i.e., females crossed with Her2 males) showed significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) longer tumor latency (262 vs. 293 vs. 225 days), fewer pulmonary metastases (5 vs. 7 vs. 15), and differences in size of lung metastases (1.2 vs. 1.4 vs. 1.0 mm diameter) compared with FVB/NJ mtDNA.
Recently, it has been demonstrated that overexpression of ErbB2 protein in osteosarcoma is associated with the presence of pulmonary metastasis and decreased survival.
Res supplementation delayed the development of spontaneous mammary tumors (p < 0.001), reduced the mean number and size of mammary tumors (p < 0.0001) and diminished the number of lung metastases in HER-2/neu transgenic mice.