Combined BAP1 loss and BRAFV600E staining was seen in 67% of BAP1 tumor syndrome-associated lesions and in none of the sporadic melanocytic proliferations including Spitz and atypical Spitz nevi and atypical Spitz tumors, with the exception of 1 primary melanoma.
Germline BAP1 mutations cause a novel cancer syndrome characterised by early onset of multiple atypical Spitz tumours and increased risk of uveal and cutaneous melanoma, mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma and various other malignancies.
Germline mutations in BAP-1 are associated with a cancer syndrome that involves uveal and cutaneous melanoma, malignant mesothelioma, atypical Spitz tumors, and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.
Germline mutations in BAP1 have been associated with BAP1-Tumor Predisposition Syndrome (BAP1-TPDS), a predisposition to multiple tumors within a family that includes uveal melanoma (UM), cutaneous melanoma, malignant mesothelioma and renal cell carcinoma.
In addition, melanoma-specific network analysis followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis along with log-rank tests identified tyrosinase, hedgehog acyltransferase, BRCA1-associated protein 1 and melanocyte inducing transcription factor as potential therapeutic targets for melanoma.
In addition, we recommend that testing of BAP1 should not be conducted routinely in CM families but should be reserved for families with CM and uveal melanoma, or mesothelioma.
In uveal melanoma, monosomy 3 is the most common genetic alteration and somatic mutations of BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene, have been reported in nearly 50% of primary uveal melanomas.
Inherited loss-of-function mutations in the BAP1 oncosuppressor gene are responsible for an inherited syndrome with predisposition to malignant mesothelioma (MM), uveal and keratinocytic melanoma, and other malignancies.
Loss of BAP1 function is implicated in the oncogenesis of several types of cancers including uveal, mucosal and some cutaneous melanomas in humans, as well as in mesothelioma.
Moreover, many tumors harboring BAP1 germline mutations were associated with BAP1 syndrome, including mesothelioma and ocular/cutaneous melanomas, as well as renal, breast, lung, gastric, and basal cell carcinomas.
Mutation gene analysis identified that BRCA1‑associated protein 1 (BAP1) had a higher mutation frequency and survival analysis, and its associated genes in the BAP1‑associated PPI network, including ASXL transcriptional regulator 1 (ASXL1), proteasome 26S subunit, non‑ATPase 3 (PSMD3), proteasome 26S subunit, non ATPase 11 (PSMD11) and ubiquitin C (UBC), were statistically significantly associated with the overall survival of patients with melanoma.
Our findings suggest that the genetic profile of coexistent GNAQ or GNA11 mutations with BAP1 or SF3B1 mutations can aid the histopathological diagnosis of blue nevus-like melanoma and distinguish blue nevus-like melanoma from conventional epidermal-derived melanomas.
Our study suggests that CDKN2A, in addition to BAP1, could be involved in the melanoma and mesothelioma susceptibility, leading to the rare familial cancer syndromes.
Patients with germline BAP1 mutations exhibited increased frequency of family history of cancer (100% vs 65.9%, P = .06), particularly cutaneous melanoma (62.5% vs 9.9%, P < .001) and ocular melanoma (25.0% vs 1.9%, P = .01).
Patients with heterozygous germline mutations in BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1), a tumor suppressor gene, develop a tumor predisposition syndrome (OMIM 614327) with increased risk of uveal and cutaneous melanomas, cutaneous atypical and epithelioid melanocytic lesions, lung adenocarcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and other tumors.
Prior studies have shown that nuclear reactivity for BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) yields prognostic information for paraffin-embedded uveal melanomas.