Annexin A2 is reported to be a powerful activator of plasminogen and, therefore, is implicated in many normal and pathological processes such as haemostasis and metastasis.
Anxa2 is dysregulated in many types of carcinomas and implicated in several pivotal biological functions, such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.
AnxA2 participates in malignant cell transformation, and its overexpression and/or phosphorylation is associated with cancer progression and metastasis.
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) regulates secretion of SEMA3D, an axon guidance molecule, which binds and activates the receptor PLXND1 to promote PDA invasion and metastasis.
Although cell surface localization of ANXA2 has been reported to have a critical role in the progression and metastasis of a variety of tumors, including pancreatic cancer, the biological role of intracellular ANXA2 is not fully understood.
BAG2 regulates pro-cathepsin B/annexin II complex formation and facilitates the trafficking of pro-cathespin-B-containing TGN38-positive vesicles toward the cell periphery, leading to the secretion of pro-cathepsin B, which induces metastasis.
By knocking out AnxA2 in a transgenic mouse model of PDA (KPC) that recapitulates the progression of human PDA from premalignancy to metastatic disease, we found that AnxA2 promoted metastases in vivo.
Clinical association studies showed that the expression of ANXA2 was significantly correlated with metastasis (p = 0.0326) and poor survival (p = 0.0256).
Collectively, we demonstrated a novel role of IFIT1 and IFIT3 in driving OSCC progression and metastasis by interacting with ANXA2 and hence enhancing p-EGFR recycling and its downstream signaling.
Expression of AnnexinA2 (Anxa2), a 36-kDa calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, is increased in metastatic tumours and has been found to be associated with the phenotype of drug resistance and metastasis.
Furthermore, annexin A2 neutralizing antibodies were used to examine the role of annexin A2 in tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo using a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay and an intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model.
High expression of annexin II correlated with age, location of tumor, size of tumor, differentiation, histological type, depth of invasion, vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage, and also with expression of S100A6.