Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigens 15.3, 19.9, and 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are widely measured in attempts to detect cancer and to monitor treatment response.
The potential clinical use of the increased or decreased serum AFP levels for other types of cancer and noncancer diseases and the molecular mechanisms behind our current findings need to be investigated.
CSCs-exosomes induced a significant increase in liver relative weight and serum levels of cancer markers (AFP and GGT) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), intensive immunostaining for the HCC marker GST-P, and an increased number and area of tumor nodules as compared to HCC rats injected by PBS.
In spite of variations of the AFP profile in cancer patients, in most cases it was possible to differentiate primary liver cancer from yolk sac tumour and from liver metastases of cancer.
Results showed that DSN1 was upregulated in HCC tissues and was strongly associated with sex (P = .031), α-fetoprotein (P < .001), tumor size (P = .032), tumor nodule number (P = .028), cancer embolus (P = .011), and differentiation grade (P = .001).
Preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were reviewed in germ cell tumor (GCT) cases and analyzed to predict malignancy in various age groups.
Finally, the therapeutic utilization of alpha-fetoprotein and its peptidic fragments as growth-response modifiers encompasses biological events, such as apoptosis G-coupled signal transduction, gene therapy, vaccination and cancer chemoprevention.
Despite the clinical utilities of AFP monitoring in pregnancy and malignancy, much remains to be determined regarding its potential physiological functions.
The novel approach of AFP enhancer/pgk promoter-driven expression of DN-PP2Acα may provide a useful cancer gene therapy strategy to selectively target HCC.
To establish the molecular diagnosis of cancer, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for AFP and PSA was used to identify circulating cancer cells in the blood of cancer patients.
We set up a simple predictive score of malignancy on the basis of objective criteria to help decision-making on whether or not ovarian-sparing surgery is feasible in case of children and adolescents with ovarian tumors and normal human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha fetoprotein levels while ensuring oncologic safety.
As human alpha-fetoprotein binds retinoids and inhibits estrogen-dependent cancer cell proliferation, and because retinoic acid (a retinol metabolite) and estradiol (an estrogen) can both initiate cellular gene transcription, it is hypothesized here that alpha-fetoprotein functions during critical gestational periods to prevent retinoic acid and maternal estradiol from inappropriately stimulating gene expression in developing brain regions which are sensitive to these chemicals.
The C-index of the PON1-related nomogram was 0.714, thus indicating a more effective predictive performance than the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor stage (0.534), AJCC T stage (0.565), or alpha-fetoprotein (0.488).
Classical biomarkers α-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase (AFP, bHCG and LDH) are elevated in only 60% of all testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of useful biomarkers in cancer and miRNAs of the miR-371-3 cluster were proven to be valuable markers for TGCT patients.
The HCC that developed in TNAP-AID mice expressed alpha-fetoprotein and had deleterious mutations in the tumour suppressor gene Trp53, some of which corresponded to those found in human cancer.
A two-marker RT-PCR assay with a liver-specific AFP marker and a cancer specific MAGE-1 marker may be a promising tool for detecting blood disseminated HCC cells with a better sensitivity and specificity than a single marker RT-PCR.
PEG10 expression was observed in 148 of the 218 HCCs (67.9%) and was significantly correlated with younger age, female, higher Edmondson grade, microvascular invasion, intrahepatic metastasis, higher American Joint Committee on Cancer T-stage, and higher α-fetoprotein level.
Plasma Hsp90α maintains also broad-spectrum for cancer subtypes, especially with 91.78% sensitivity and 91.96% specificity in patients with AFP-limited liver cancer.
Alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric carcinoma (AFP-PGC) is a rare cancer for which limited data on the clinicopathological features and treatment modalities exist.
The DBS-based method for the measurement of cancer biomarkers may also be applied to several other chronic diseases with increased risks of αFP-producing liver tumors.