Whilst CTCs are well documented in other tumor streams such as breast, colorectal cancer and prostate cancers, the data and clinical utility in HNSCC remains limited.<b>Areas covered</b>: Here we summarize the recent advances of CTCs and applications in HNSCC.<b>Expert opinion</b>: CTC enumeration can be prognostic in HNSCC; further studies are warranted to investigate the role of CTC clusters in HNSCC; CTC culture (<i>in vivo</i>/<i>ex vivo</i>) may present a possibility to expand these rare cells to a critical mass for functional testing; PD-L1 expression of HNSCC CTCs may present a means by which to determine patients likely to respond to therapy; a HNSCC CTC-specific marker is warranted.
Is There a Role for Programmed Death Ligand-1 Testing and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer With Microsatellite Instability? Part I-Colorectal Cancer: Microsatellite Instability, Testing, and Clinical Implications.
The impact of chemotherapy on the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and the resulting anticancer immune responses was assessed in two mouse models of colorectal cancer and validated in tumor samples from metastatic colorectal cancer patients that received neoadjuvant treatment.
This study was aimed to explore the clinical and biomarker association of programmed death ligand 1 and its spatial heterogeneous expression in colorectal cancer.
Follicular helper T cells promote the effector functions of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells via the provision of IL-21, which is downregulated due to PD-1/PD-L1-mediated suppression in colorectal cancer.
To rationalize these issues, this report introduces a plug-and-play nanorization, ultrasonic bubble bursting, of coarse BP flakes for continuous BP NS production, and the resulting uniform NSs (∼40 nm lateral dimension, ∼0.15 polydispersity index) were used as base materials to load drug (doxorubicin), targeting agent (chitosan-polyethylene glycol), and cancer growth inhibitor (programmed death ligand 1 and small interfering RNA) for achieving efficacious chemo-photoimmunotherapy of colorectal cancer.
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a potential target for therapeutics in a number of malignant tumors, including melanoma, lung, and colorectal cancer.
Tumor microenvironment classification based on T-cell infiltration and PD-L1 in patients with mismatch repair-proficient and -deficient colorectal cancer.
Is There a Role for Programmed Death Ligand-1 Testing and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer With Microsatellite Instability? Part II-The Challenge of Programmed Death Ligand-1 Testing and Its Role in Microsatellite Instability-High Colorectal Cancer.
Lung cancer was associated with good overall survival and disease-free survival (HR 0.639; 95% CI 0.491, 0.831; and HR 0.693; 95% CI 0.538, 0.891, respectively) for PD-1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and colorectal cancer showed favorable disease-free survival (HR 0.471; 95% CI 0.308, 0.722) for PD-L1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.