Mutations in the HSD11B2 gene encoding the kidney (11-HSD2) isozyme of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase cause the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, a form of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Mutations in the HSD11K (HSD11B2) gene encoding this isozyme cause a genetic form of hypertension, the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME).
Epidemiological data suggests that polymorphic variability in the HSD11B2 gene determines salt sensitivity in the general population, which is a key predisposing factor to adult onset hypertension in some patients.
Thus, depending on the degree of loss of enzyme activity, 11 beta HSD2 mutations can cause a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from severe, life-threatening hypertension in infancy to a milder form of the disease in adults.
Mutations in the gene encoding 11beta-HSD2 (HSD11B2) account for an inherited form of hypertension, the syndrome of "Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess" (AME) where cortisol induces hypertension and hypokalaemia.
11beta-HSD2 protects the mineralocorticoid receptor from cortisol excess; mutations in the HSD11B2 gene explain an inherited form of hypertension, the syndrome of 'apparent mineralocorticoid excess', in which 'Cushing's disease of the kidney' results in cortisol-mediated mineralocorticoid excess.
Mutations generating inactive enzymes have been described in the HSD11B2 gene in the congenital syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME)--a low renin form of hypertension.
Mutations of the gene encoding 11beta-HSD-2 are responsible for the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, in which cortisol illicitly occupies mineralocorticoid receptors, causing hypertension and hypokalaemia.
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder causing severe hypertension in childhood due to a deficiency of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2), which is encoded by HSD11B2.
Impaired 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2)-dependent cortisol inactivation can lead to electrolyte dysbalance, hypertension and cardiometabolic disease.
AME represents a spectrum of mineralocorticoid hypertension with severity reflecting the underlying genetic defect in the 11beta-HSD2 gene; classification into distinct subtypes is inappropriate.
Because polymorphisms in HSD11B2 have been associated with hypertension and salt sensitivity, we characterized the human VPATPD gene.It spans 19 kb and consists of 8 exons.
Because hypertension in Black people tends to be of the low-renin, salt sensitive type, we genotyped independent sets of hypertensives of Afro-American (59 kindreds) and Afro-Caribbean (66 kindreds) origin using a highly polymorphic (heterozygosity index 0.84) CA repeat polymorphism in the first intron of HSD11B2.
These findings indicate that variants of the HSD11B2 gene may contribute to the enhanced blood pressure response to salt and possibly to hypertension in humans.
AME represents a spectrum of mineralocorticoid hypertension with severity reflecting the underlying genetic defect in the 11beta-HSD2; although AME is a genetic disorder, several exogenous compounds can bring about the symptoms by inhibiting 11beta-HSD2 enzyme.
In AME, defective HSD11B2 enzyme activity results in overstimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by cortisol, causing sodium retention, hypokalemia, and salt-dependent hypertension.
The syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is an inherited form of hypertension in which 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) is defective.