<b>Abbreviations:</b> BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CDC, Center for Disease Control, United States of America; DDE, <i>p,p'</i>- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DDT, <i>p,p'</i>- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; GC/MS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; GIS, geographic information system; GPS, global positioning system; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HTN, hypertension; IDW, inverse distance weighting; IRB, Institutional Review Board; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LOQ, limit of quantitation; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; POPs, persistent organic pollutants; OC, organochlorine; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; SIM, single-ion monitoring; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; USA, United States of America.
<b>Areas covered</b>: The authors review the status of SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM and place an emphasis on those agents in early phase clinical trials.
<b>Background and Objectives:</b> Limited research focuses on the risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease associated with use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan.
<b>Background:</b> Semaglutide, a newly once-weekly glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has showed a favorable effect on glycaemic control and weight reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
<b>Background:</b> Semaglutide, a newly once-weekly glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has showed a favorable effect on glycaemic control and weight reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
<b>Conclusion:</b> Results from RCTs confirmed lower risk of death, serious adverse events, hypertension, and edema associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors when compared with placebo.
<b>Conclusion:</b> These data demonstrate that sitagliptin in combination with VitD3 may accelerate the process of T2DM treatment by exerting synergic anti-inflammatory effects on immune system through upregulation of FOXP3 and IL-37, and downregulation of RORγt and BCL6 as well as IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-21 production.
<b>Conclusion:</b> These data demonstrate that sitagliptin in combination with VitD3 may accelerate the process of T2DM treatment by exerting synergic anti-inflammatory effects on immune system through upregulation of FOXP3 and IL-37, and downregulation of RORγt and BCL6 as well as IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-21 production.
<b>Conclusion:</b> These findings suggested that increased serum levels of miR-154-5p and decreased OC levels may influence osteogenesis and proteinuria in T2DM and may identify novel targets for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic kidney disease and osteoporosis.
<b>Conclusion:</b> These findings suggested that increased serum levels of miR-154-5p and decreased OC levels may influence osteogenesis and proteinuria in T2DM and may identify novel targets for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic kidney disease and osteoporosis.