Associations of the ABO blood groups with cardiovascular disease and serum lipid levels have been established, but the exact relation to lipoproteins and atherosclerosis remains to be determined.
Apo E polymorphism and, notably, the apo E4 allele cannot be universally considered as a particular risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients.
An allelic variant of the ACE gene has been found to be linked to plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in humans and has been implicated in the etiology of some common cardiovascular disorders.
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal semi-dominant disorder caused by defects in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene and is a well-documented risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease.
The potential implications of ACE gene polymorphism, which affects the expression of the gene in cardiovascular diseases, has been widely investigated.
Its role in the vasoactive peptide, the metabolism of the two active peptides, angiotensin and bradykinin, and the beneficial effects of its inhibition in cardiovascular diseases, have raised considerable interest in this enzyme.
These results suggest that up-regulation of histamine H1 receptor expression by platelet-derived growth factor plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
A polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene has recently been reported and analysis of this polymorphism has indicated that it is associated with several cardiovascular diseases.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity is increased in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and may contribute to their excess risk of cardiovascular disease.
The angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene is one of the major genes of the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems and is a candidate gene for several cardiovascular diseases for which a genetic predisposition has been established.
The angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene is one of the major genes of the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems and is a candidate gene for several cardiovascular diseases for which a genetic predisposition has been established.
A positive association was previously reported between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system thought to be important in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system thought to be important in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
As a part of the EARS study we assessed the role of the common apo A-IV polymorphism in determining the hereditary predisposition to cardiovascular disease.
The aims of this study were to determine whether there is a cross-sectional relationship between urinary albumin excretion rate and cardiovascular disease in nondiabetic subjects and to investigate hereditary predisposition to microalbuminuria by studying offspring of the main study population.
The differences in lipoproteins we describe for the identical twins discordant for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in whom there was no evidence of a raised urinary albumin excretion rate, does not appear to explain the excess mortality from cardiovascular disease reported in patients with this disease.