<b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings reveal a novel pathway from the presentation of Mye-GalCer to IL-17 production, and highlight the promising therapeutic potential of D-sphingosine for the human disorder of multiple sclerosis.
IL-17-producing T cells (Th17) have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for the human disease multiple sclerosis.
IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells (Th-17) contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and are associated with active disease in multiple sclerosis (MS).
IL-17-producing CD4(+) T (Th17) cells, along with IFN-γ-expressing Th1 cells, represent two major pathogenic T cell subsets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS).
IL-17-producing Th17 cells have gradually become considered as key factors in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS).
IL-17-secreting T cells (Th17 cells) play a pathogenic role in multiple autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), and dendritic cell (DC)-derived cytokines play pivotal roles in promoting the differentiation of naive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells into Th cell subsets (Th1 and Th17).
IL-17-producing T<sub>H</sub>17 cells have been associated with autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis (Han et al., 2015), many of which lack effective therapies.
IL-17-producing CD8<sup>+</sup> (Tc17) cells are enriched in active lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
A higher number of IFNγ (P = 0.001), IL-22 (P = 0.003), IL-17A (P < 0.0001) as well as double and triple cytokine producing MOG-specific T-cells were detected in persons with MS compared to HCs.
Among T helper (Th) cell subsets differentiated from naive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, IL-17-producing Th17 cells are closely associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and the MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Blood samples from untreated patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (<i>n</i> = 21), different clinical forms of MS (<i>n</i> = 62) [relapsing-remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive, and primary progressive], and healthy controls (HCs) (<i>n</i> = 17) were tested for plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17A, and IL-17F by immunoanalysis.
Consequently, blocking IL-17 has become an effective strategy for modulating several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Here we report that the IL-1β e IL-17 levels are significantly increased in serum of RR-MS patients in respect to HD and that the PBMC stimulation with PHA caused a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels both in RR-MS and HD subjects, with higher increase of protein release in RR-MS patients than in HD.
IFN-γ secreting Th1 cells and IL-17 secreting Th17 cells are found to play key roles in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and ulcerative colitis (UC).