Here, we report the frequency of the 999del5BRCA2 mutation in an Icelandic control population and four different groups of cancer patients diagnosed with (a) breast cancer; (b) ovarian cancer; (c) prostate cancer (patients younger than 65 years); and (d) other cancer types.
Germline breast cancer 1 gene (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 gene (BRCA2) mutations are implicated in the highest risk of prostate cancer (PC) predisposition and aggressiveness.
Moreover, BRCA2-mutant tumours commonly show the concurrent presence of the intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP) pathology, a poor prognostic indicator.
Association with PCa risk was statistically significant for variants in BRCA2 (P < 0.001, OR = 5.65, 95% CI = 3.55-9.32), HOXB13 (P < 0.001, OR = 4.73, 95% CI = 2.84-8.19), and ATM (P < 0.001, OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.63-5.15).
In addition, it was recently shown that aberrations in DNA repair genes, such as BRCA2 and ATM, are present in both somatic and germline form in a significant minority of prostate cancer; these abnormalities can be targeted by drugs such as platinums and PARP inhibitors.
Although multiple genes have been implicated in the development of PCa, few confer as high a risk as mutations in the genes associated with early-onset breast cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2).
Several epidemiologic studies have reported that carriers of germline mutations in the BRCA2 gene have an increased risk of prostate cancer, with the highest risk observed in men diagnosed at earlier ages.
Under the assumption that LOH occurs only because the cancer was caused by the germline mutation, carriers of BRCA2 mutations are at 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.8-12) increased risk of prostate cancer.
Male mutation carriers and first-degree relatives in BRCA2 families are at an increased risk of breast cancer and prostate cancer with a potential prostate cancer cluster region within exon 11 of BRCA2.
Although the increase in risk of developing breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has been studied extensively, its impact on mortality is not well quantified.
To accurately determine the contribution of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Turkish BC, OC, and PCa high-risk patients, 106 high-risk BC-OC patients, 50 high-risk PCa patients, and 50 control subjects were recruited.
To ascertain whether D'Amico risk classification is an accurate discriminator of prostate cancer mortality risk in BRCA2 pathogenic mutation carriers and non-carriers from a familial breast cancer cohort.
Therefore, the use of BRCA2 mutation as a clinical prognostic factor could help stratify the high-risk patients and provide clinical strategies for more effective targeted treatments for patients with prostate cancer.
BRCA2 mutation carriers had an increased risk of prostate cancer and a higher histologic grade, and BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations were associated with a more aggressive clinical course.
Early age at diagnosis of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bilateral breast cancer, concomitant breast/ovarian cancer in a single patient and prostate cancer but not unilateral breast cancer were associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
Our case underscores the observation that BRCA2 mutation carriers are at risk for multiple cancers, including contralateral breast cancer, and illustrates the need for current practice recommendations for the early detection of breast and prostate cancer in men with BRCA2 mutations.
BRCA2 mutation carriers have an increased risk of death and prostate cancer-related death [HR (95% CI) 4.5 (2.12-9.52), P = 8.9 × 10(-5)] by comparison with noncarriers.