Results of comparative immunoenzymatic study of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, 8 and 9, interleukins (IL) If and 6, tissue MMP inhibitors (TIMP-1and TIMP-2) and TNF-a in oral fluid of patients with different teeth and denture constructive materials show that MMP-9 content in oral fluid can serve as a marker of chronic generalized periodontitis because it is elevated in all patients irrespective of presence or absence of metallic tooth restorations.
A literature search using PubMed and Embase provided the data to conduct a meta-analysis on the associations between the TLR2 Arg753Gln, TLR4 Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile, MMP-1 -1607 G1/G2 and MMP-9-1562 C/T polymorphisms and periodontitis.
It was found that MMP-9 in oral fluid could be considered as a marker of chronic generalized periodontitis irrespective of the presence or absence of metal dental restorations.
It has been reported that the functional gene polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) alter their expressions in transcriptional level and they are involved in the tissue destruction of periodontitis.
This drug effect was proved by multiple regression analysis with adjustment for the risk factors of periodontitis (age, sex, smoking, and education) (P <.0001) and was associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels.
Clinical parameters, CRP, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were evaluated in 55 consecutive patients suffering from periodontitis at baseline, 1, 7 and 30 days after an intensive course of periodontal treatment.
MMP-9 or Gelatinase B, a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family (MMPs), plays important roles in physiological events such as tissue remodeling and in pathological processes that lead to destructive bone diseases, including osteoarthritis and periodontitis.
To date, little is known about the relationships between FPR1 and such diseases, aside from the fact that FPR1 is related to periodontitis, which is implicated in systemic diseases such as stomach cancer.
The highest values of sensitivity for the diagnosis of periodontitis were obtained for IL1beta (78.7%), followed by MMP8 (72.5%), IL6 and haemoglobin (72.0% for both molecules); the lowest sensitivity value was for MMP9 (70.3%).
As one of the most important primary proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1β (IL1β) plays an essential role during the early stage of periodontitis and its amounts simultaneously increase dramatically during this stage.
In addition, miR-22-3p also upregulated the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-8 in PDLSC through SIRT1 pathway and downregulated the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4. miR-22-3p is a new target either for the treatment of periodontitis or the improvement of inflammation caused by orthodontics.
In addition, miR-22-3p also upregulated the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-8 in PDLSC through SIRT1 pathway and downregulated the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4. miR-22-3p is a new target either for the treatment of periodontitis or the improvement of inflammation caused by orthodontics.
The overall analyses verified that the IL-10rs1800872 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontitis in the allelic model, homozygote model, dominant model, and recessive model (A vs C: OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.11-1.49, P = .00, I = 56.87%; AA vs CC: OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 1.32-3.23, P = .00, I = 73.3%; AA + AC vs CC: OR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.03-1.96, P = .03, I = 76.2%; AA vs AC + CC: OR = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.26-2.56, P = .00, I = 76.7%).
In response to pulp exposure, the bone loss and level of MIF mRNA increased in the periradicular periodontitis, which peaked at 14 d, in conjunction with the upregulated expressions of mRNAs for RANKL, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), chemokines (MCP-1 and SDF-1), and MIF's cognate receptors CXCR4 and CD74.
In the chronic migraine group, patients with periodontitis had greater levels of serum CGRP (19.7 ± 6.5 versus 15.3 ± 6.2 pg/mL, P < 0.0001) and IL-6 (15.1 ± 9.2 versus 9.6 ± 6.3 pg/mL, P < 0.0001) while non-significant differences were observed with IL-10 (2.0 ± 1.0 versus 2.8 ± 1.5 pg/mL, P = 0.675) concentrations than those without periodontitis.