The current review of literature along with clinical case discussion provides evidence supporting GLP-1 RAs as diabetes medications for polypharmacy reduction in older diabetes patients because of their multiple pleiotropic effects on comorbidities (e.g. hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and fatty liver) and syndromes (e.g. osteoporosis and sleep apnea) that commonly co-occur with diabetes.
Twenty patients of active acromegaly (10 each, with and without diabetes) underwent hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamp and mixed meal test, before and after surgery, to measure indices of IS, β-cell function, GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon response.
DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors (or "gliptins") represent a class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4, thus augmenting the biological activity of the "incretin" hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]) and restoring many of the pathophysiological problems of diabetes.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme metabolizes glucagon-like peptide-1 and various dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitors (DPP-4i) are also used in the management of diabetes.
The Glp-1 analog, liraglutide (Lir), has been shown to reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function after myocardial ischemia in rodents with or without diabetes.
Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion and aberrant glucagon secretion resulting from changes in pancreatic islet cell function and/or mass.
Data on weight, insulin, GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2i use were collected retrospectively (12 years) and prospectively (8 years) from patients included in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente-1 (DIALECT-1, n = 450, age 63 ± 9 years, 58% men, diabetes duration [7-18] years).
Glucagon, a hormone released from pancreatic alpha-cells, plays a key role in maintaining proper glucose homeostasis and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes.
In addition, we discuss recent developments of therapeutic approaches in the treatment of obesity and diabetes by dual- and tri-agonist molecules based on combinations of glucagon with other peptides.
Liraglutide, a GLP-1 agonist for the treatment of diabetes, is a conjugated peptide that forms oligomers that can be stabilized by pH and organic solvents.
After the meal, the gastrin concentrations rose significantly during saline infusion, whereas the GLP-1 infusion suppressed the secretion of gastrin significantly, most pronounced in the diabetes patients.<b>Conclusions:</b> The results show that GLP-1 infusion suppresses the postprandial secretion of gastrin in normal subjects and even more so in the diabetes patients.
Glucose homoeostasis is impaired in diabetic patient and suppressing the expression of glucagon secretion with siRNA is used to suppress the progress of diabetes.
As gut microbial imbalances and maladaptive host responses have been implicated in the pathology of obesity and diabetes, this study aimed to determine the effects of pharmacologically stimulated GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptor function on the gut microbiome composition in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.
Insulin resistance and diabetes are both associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and the glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor agonist, liraglutide, is a common therapy for diabetes.
Our findings reveal that p52 mediates glucagon-triggered hepatic gluconeogenesis and suggests that pharmacological intervention to prevent p52 processing is a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes.