Thus, results of this study suggest that activation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway plays a pivotal role in mediating hypoxia-induced EMT transformation and invasion of RA-FLSs under hypoxia.
This novel observation provides the scope to develop new therapeutics targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in autoimmune diseases like psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Using quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, we found that PI3Kδ mRNA and protein expression is higher in RA than in osteoarthritis (OA) synovium.
We found that IL-17 induction of CCL2/MCP-1 was mediated by the PI3K, ERK, and JNK pathways in RA ST fibroblasts and by the PI3K and ERK pathways in macrophages.