TGF-β1 downregulates COX-2 expression leading to decrease of PGE2 production in human lung cancer A549 cells, which is involved in fibrotic response to TGF-β1.
These results show that the inhibition of COX-2 expression by UG transduction correlated with the suppression of NF-kappaB activity in the lung cancer cells.
This is the first description of functional COX-2 expression by NSCLC cells and the definition of a pathway whereby tumor COX-2 expression and a high level of PGE2 production mediate profound alteration in cytokine balance in the lung cancer microenvironment.
To assess the impact of COX-2 expression in lung cancer invasiveness, NSCLC cell lines were transduced with a retroviral vector expressing the human COX-2 cDNA in the sense (COX-2-S) and antisense (COX-2-AS) orientations.
Tubeimoside-1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by increasing the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio and decreasing COX-2 expression in lung cancer A549 cells.