Finally, in breast cancer patients, expression of Pit-1 in primary tumors was found to be positively correlated with CXCR4 and CXCL12, with specific metastasis in liver and lung, and with clinical outcome.
Collectively, the present studies demonstrate that Galectin-1-driven production of SDF-1 in PSCs through activation of NF-κB promotes metastasis in PDAC, offering a potential target in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
There has evidence showing that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), plays an important role in cancer progression and metastasis.
The CXCR4 receptor and its ligand CXCL12 (also named stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF1) have a critical role in chemotaxis and homing, key steps in cancer metastasis.
The important role of CXCL12 in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer stem cells was also confirmed by loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies.
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 were proven to play important roles in several types of cancer and in many biological processes connected with tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
<i>in-silico</i> analysis finds that CXCL12-CXCR4 is associated with an increased expression of PDZK1, PI3k and Akt which lead the breast tumor towards metastasis.
This receptor, in conjunction with its primary chemokine ligand CXCL12, promotes pancreatic cancer development, invasion, and metastasis through the management of the tumor microenvironment via complex crosstalk with other pathways.
Fibroblast-derived CXCL12 enhanced the CXCL6 secretion of colon cancer cells, and both CXCL12 and CXCL6 co-operatively regulated the metastasis <i>via</i> the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
CXCL12 has been shown to be involved in colon cancer metastasis, but its expression level and molecular mechanisms regulating its expression remain controversial.
Moreover, E2, TCS, and BPA increased the protein expression of CXCR4, which is a receptor of chemokine CXCL12 that is positively involved in breast cancer metastasis via an ER-dependent pathway.
CXCL12 regulates inflammation, neo-vascularization, metastasis, and tumor growth, phenomena which are all pivotally involved in cancer development and further metastasis.
Real- time PCR was used for analyzing the changes in the expression level of CXCL12 and CXCR4 as two important genes involved in migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells. l-arginine increased 5-FU effect on BT-20 and MCF-7 cell lines by reducing cell viability and increasing apoptosis and NO production.
Moreover, impairment of HIC1 expression in PCa cells induced their migration and metastasis through EMT, by enhancing expression of Slug and CXCR4, both of which are critical to PCa metastasis; the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis promotes EMT by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway.
Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) have been identified with significantly elevated levels in various malignancies including GC, which correlates with the survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells.
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its cognate receptor CXCR4 have critical roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis.
This was associated with a decrease in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and SDF-1 (stromal derived factor-1) on the protein level, both related to the control of angiogenesis and furthermore discussed as crucial factors in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis.