VEGF pathway targeting antiangiogenic drugs or trastuzumab, is effective when treating primary tumors in contrast to a complete or severely reduced lack of such efficacy when treating advanced metastatic disease.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) autocrine signaling is closely related to the growth, progression, and metastasis of HCC, making the VEGF/VEGFR axis an ideal target for the development of molecular targeted agents.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a crucial signaling protein for the tumor growth and metastasis, which is also acted as the biomarkers for various diseases.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway plays a dominant role in stimulating angiogenesis, which is the main process promoting tumor growth and metastasis.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy showed some efficacious results in patients with metastasis, but more useful treatments are warranted.
VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR TKIs) approved to treat multiple cancer types can promote metastatic disease in certain limited preclinical settings.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the invasion and metastasis of various malignant tumor types, such as lung cancer and gastric carcinoma.
VEGF, flt, and KDR expression was localized by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in frozen sections of primary tumors from five patients with ovarian carcinoma and from metastases of ovarian carcinoma from three different patients.
A 4T1-induced mouse mammary carcinoma model was then used to determine the expression of metastasis tumor markers, epithelial (E)-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, mucin (MUC)-1, nonepithelial (N)-cadherin, Twist, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vimentin, using immunohistochemistry, following oral treatment with F3 for 30 days.
A higher percentage of EPCs within the white blood cell fraction (total % EPCs / white blood cells (WBC)) and higher serum concentrations of VEGF were present in patients with MSI-H colorectal cancer, and not with MSS cancers (P < .001).MSI-H patients with colorectal cancer metastases are associated with the overexpression of circulating EPCs and VEGF, potentially driving angiogenesis.