Prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is based mainly in histological aspects together with PSA serum levels that not always reflect the real aggressive potential of the neoplasia.
Grading of prostate cancer has evolved substantially over time, not least because of major changes in diagnostic approach and concomitant shifts from late- to early-stage detection since the adoption of PSA testing from the late 1980s.
We updated the RC3 using multinomial logistic regression analysis, including data on age, PSA, digital rectal examination, and prostate volume, for predicting LR and HR PCa.
Up-regulation of mismatch repair genes MSH6, PMS2 and MLH1 parallels development of genetic instability and is linked to tumor aggressiveness and early PSA recurrence in prostate cancer.
We aimed to determine the effects of changing the PSA cutoff to perform reflex testing with S3M and the subsequent S3M cutoff to recommend prostate biopsy while maintaining the sensitivity to detect Gleason Score ≥ 7 prostate cancer.
We re-evaluated all 623 men with prostate cancer in our 188 hereditary prostate cancer families and identified a subset of 244 men with more aggressive disease based upon meeting at least one of the following clinical and/or pathologic criteria: tumor grade Gleason score > or = 7, tumor stage T2c or higher, pretreatment PSA > or = 20 ng/ml, rising PSA after treatment, evidence of metastasis, or death from prostate cancer.
Following negative initial findings of biopsy sample analysis, total serum PSA levels and serum PSA kinetics are ineffective indicators of a need for a repeat biopsy; therefore, patients suspected of having prostate cancer might undergo several unnecessary biopsy procedures.
Effects of G/A polymorphism, rs266882, in the androgen response element 1 of the PSA gene on prostate cancer risk, survival and circulating PSA levels.
Since these SNPs are known to be associated with PSA levels in men without PCa diagnoses, these latter associations may reflect the enrichment of low grade, low stage cases diagnosed by contemporary disease screening with PSA.
Our results suggest that rs4962416, previously associated only with prostate cancer, is also associated with PSA levels, with 12% increase for each copy of the minor allele C. The study enabled the replication of the effect for the majority of previously reported genetic variants in a set of clinically relevant prostate cancers.
The prostate-specific antigen or kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (PSA/KLK3) is an established tumor marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer.
After orchiectomy, levels of CRISP-3 in serum decreased in median with 11% compared to a 97% median decrease of PSA in serum from 15/20 patients with advanced PCa.
The potential of KLKs as cancer biomarkers is well established since the demonstration of the association between KLK3/PSA (prostate specific antigen) levels and prostate cancer progression.
Therefore, we confirm the therapeutic advantage of Serenoa repens over other 5alpha-reductase inhibitors as treatment with the phytotherapeutic agent will permit the continuous use of PSA measurements as a useful biomarker for prostate cancer screening and for evaluating tumour progression.
The limitations of PSA and mpMRI and the invasive nature of prostate biopsy has led to a constant search for serum and urinary biomarkers for both the detection and monitoring during active surveillance of prostate cancer.
Group II had a lower risk of PSA progression [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27,0.69, p = 0.001], metastasis development (HR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.27,0.97, p = 0.040) and overall mortality (HR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.26,0.92, p = 0.027), but not of PCa-specific death (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.19,1.08, p = 0.074).