Our purpose is to investigate the expression of CD8 and PD-1/PD-L1 and their potential role in Immunoscore, supplementing the tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) classification of cervical cancer.
This review explores the biomarkers for the selection of patients for immunotherapy in other cancers, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and total mutational burden, and relates these biomarkers to cervical cancer.
In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, including the expression patterns of PD-1/PD-L1 and potential PD-1/PD-L1-related therapeutic strategies for CC.
In this review, we have summarized the status and application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical trials for the treatment of cervical cancer and suggested some future directions in this field.
On the basis of these results, the US Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced PD-L1-positive cervical cancer who experienced progression during or after chemotherapy.
The Food and Drug Administration has recently approved programed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors for the treatment of advanced PD-L1 positive cervical cancer.
The objective response rate was higher in patients with cervical cancer with PD-L1-positive (n = 5/15; 33%) versus PD-L1-negative (n = 0/5; 0%) tumors.
Together, these results demonstrate that PD-L1 can promote the growth and metastasis of cervical cancer by activating the ITGB4/SNAI1/SIRT3 signaling pathway, and also suggest the possibility of targeting PD-L1 and its downstream effectors as a potential approach for interfering with cervical cancer growth and metastasis.
Activity of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors has been demonstrated in ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, with a tolerable side effect profile and the highest response rate seen in mismatch repair-deficient endometrial cancers.
These findings point to a key role of PD-L1 in immune escape of cervical cancer, and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
Our objectives were to assess the expression of PD-L1 in tumor specimens from a uniformly treated patient cohort with locally advanced cervical cancer, and to determine its prognostic significance along with the density of tumor-infiltrating T cells.
For the remaining tumor types, compared with TIMT II (low PD-L1 and CD8A/CYT), TIMT I (high PD-L1 and CD8A/CYT) had a significantly higher number of mutations or neoantigens in bladder urothelial carcinoma, breast and cervical cancer, colorectal, stomach and lung adenocarcinoma, and melanoma.
Expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 could be used as clinical prognostic biomarkers for evaluating CIN and cervical cancer because of its positive correlation with CIN progression and tumor metastasis.
In summary, our findings demonstrate that elevated levels of PD-1/PD-L1, TGF-<i>β</i>, and IL-10 in peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients may negatively regulate immune response against cervical cancer cells and contribute to the progression of cervical cancer.