Gene Disease Score gda Association Type Original DB Sentence supporting the association PMID PMID Year
Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 GeneticVariation BEFREE INS mutations have a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from severe neonatal onset to mild adult onset, which suggests that the products of different mutant INS alleles behave differently and utilize distinct mechanisms to induce diabetes. 29890547

2020

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 GeneticVariation BEFREE This case could help us understand the role of the INS mutation in the development of diabetes. 30915639

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Together, the results demonstrate that the INS-PLLA PMs have a strong potential as an effective strategy for inhalation treatment of diabetes. 30284409

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Furthermore, it reveals that even subtle changes in proinsulin protect NOD mice from diabetes. 31821343

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE ERAD deficiency may contribute to the development of diabetes by affecting proinsulin processing in the ER, intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, and mitochondrial function. 30626610

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE C-peptide and proinsulin were measured in fasting and stimulated sera from 319 subjects with long-standing type 1 diabetes (≥3 years) and 12 control subjects without diabetes. 30530850

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE In genetically obese mice with otherwise wild-type islets, disulfide-linked complexes of proinsulin are more abundant, and leptin receptor-deficient mice, the further increase of such complexes tracks with the onset of islet insulin deficiency and diabetes. 31184302

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Male Wistar rats were treated with or without streptozotocin (STZ, an insulinopenic model of diabetes) and either α-lipoic (90 mg/kg ip.), α-tocopherol (200 mg/kg po.) or with STZ and supplemented with insulin (STZ + INS: 2.5U/day) for 4 weeks. 30242601

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 GeneticVariation BEFREE It was hypothesized that the INS gene region provides a common genetic causality for diabetes in Samoyeds and Australian Terriers. 31587057

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Proinsulin processing is quite sensitive to nutrient flux, and β-cell-specific deletion of the nutrient-sensing protein modifier OGlcNAc transferase (βOGTKO) causes β-cell failure and diabetes, including early development of hyperproinsulinemia. 31300553

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 GeneticVariation BEFREE Importantly, when replacing IAA with oxPTM-INS-Ab, diabetes risk increased to 100% in children with oxPTM-INS-Ab<sup>+</sup> in combination with GADA<sup>+</sup> and IA-2A<sup>+</sup> , compared with 84.37% in those with IAA<sup>+</sup> , GADA<sup>+</sup> , and IA-2A<sup>+</sup> (P = 0.04). 30693639

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Given the fact that proinsulin misfolding plays an important role in diabetes, this study suggests that enhancing ER export may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent/delay β-cell failure caused by proinsulin misfolding and ER stress. 31158417

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE The combination of Tregitope-albumin fusions and PPI peptides reduced the incidence of severe diabetes and reversed mild diabetes, over 49 days of treatment and observation. 31695065

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE The exercise in sole (EX) and simultaneous forms with INS (DM + INS + EX group) ameliorated the DM-suppressed spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis indices, up-regulated the serum testosterone and insulin levels, enhanced testicular SOD content, inhibited the apoptosis and improved almost all sperm parameters. 31642094

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Regulated proinsulin biosynthesis, disulfide bond formation and ER redox homeostasis are essential to prevent Type two diabetes. 31184304

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Elevated plasma proinsulin is a sign of β-cell dysfunction in patients with diabetes/prediabetes. 31074785

2019

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE We show that CE prevent insulin-deficient diabetes in male and in female Akita mice using a model of misfolded proinsulin. 29972779

2018

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE We have previously shown that the introduction of furin-cleavable human insulin (INS-FUR) to the livers in several animal models of diabetes resulted in the reversal of diabetes and partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of liver cells. 29578255

2018

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Proinsulin misfolding is a phenotype that is very much linked to deficient insulin production and diabetes, as is seen in a variety of contexts: rodent models bearing proinsulin-misfolding mutants, human patients with Mutant INS-gene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY), animal models and human patients bearing mutations in critical ER resident proteins, and, quite possibly, in more common variety type 2 diabetes. 30230185

2018

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE One hundred rats were divided into five groups: DM+PLAC, DM+CURC, DM+INS, DM+CURC+INS, and non-DM (CURC, curcumin; PLAC, placebo; INS, insulin). 29857981

2018

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE They allow the characterization of preproinsulin epitopes recognized by CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells upon immunization against human preproinsulin or during diabetes development. 29967002

2018

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE We previously reported the development of an oral vaccine for diabetes based on live attenuated Salmonella-expressing preproinsulin (PPI) as the autoantigen. 30416020

2018

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Misfolded proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum during development of beta cell failure in diabetes. 29377149

2018

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Herein, we critically review the literature on the effects of proinsulin misfolding and ER stress on β-cell dysfunction and loss in diabetes with emphasis on β-cell dynamics, and discuss the gaps in understanding the role of proinsulin misfolding in the pathophysiology of diabetes. 30230182

2018

Entrez Id: 3630
Gene Symbol: INS
INS
CUI: C0011849
Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
0.700 Biomarker BEFREE Moreover, proAVP misfolding in hereditary central diabetes insipidus likely shares common physiopathological mechanisms with proinsulin misfolding in hereditary diabetes mellitus of youth. 28920918

2017