However, significant association was observed between i) circulating IP-10 levels and time to Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) culture conversion (p =0.032); ii) smear grade among active TB patients and circulating IP-10 levels (p =0 .032).
Moreover, it was observed that nicotine decreases the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)5 during Mtb infection in epithelial cells (EpCs), whereas in macrophages derived from human monocytes (MDMs) there is a decrease in IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10, CCL2, C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 only during infection with Mtb.
A number of studies have evaluated the use of interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), which is elevated after tuberculosis infection, as a biomarker for LTBI, but conclusive results regarding its effectiveness have not been reported.
The discriminatory performance of IP-10 following stimulation with recombinant PE35 and PPE68 (assessed by AUC) between TB patients and HCs were similar (AUC: 0.79 [95% CI 0.68-0.89] and 0.79 [95% CI 0.69-0.89], respectively).
Moreover, in active TB a decline of total urine IP-10 was observed at therapy completion; agonist/antagonist forms reflected this decline although their differences were not statistically significant.
IP-10 is elevated in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections, although it remains to be determined the contribution of IP-10 in restricting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) replication.
The combination of IP-10, IFN-γ, ferritin, and 25(OH)D achieved the best diagnostic performance to discriminate between active TB and LTBI cases in children in relation to the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.955 (confidence interval 95%: 0.91-1.00), achieving optimal sensitivity and specificity for the development of a new test (93.2 and 90.0%, respectively).
Therefore, direct analysis of the serum components of the IL-18/IL-37 signalling complex and IP-10 may be applicable in designing novel diagnostic tests for ATB.
We traced the source of CXCL10 secretion using immunohistochemical and confocal analysis to multinucleated giant cells in the TB lesions, and variable expression by macrophages.
In -135G/A (rs56061981) polymorphism, PTB patients with GG genotype showed a significantly decreased expression of CD3+ CXCL10+ and CD3+ CD4+ CXCL10+ T cells compared to A allele carrier (GA+AA) under unstimulated, CFA induced and M. tuberculosis infected cultures (P<0.05).
Urine interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a potential biomarker of treatment response in chronic hepatitis C virus infection and lung diseases, including tuberculosis.
As a second example we will describe the use of CXCL10 as a disease biomarker in Tuberculosis, highlighting findings from human and mouse studies that should be considered in veterinary research.
Here we investigate the early response in IP-10 levels (between day 0 and day 7 of TB therapy) to identify bacteriological status at diagnosis among 127 HIV-infected patients starting TB treatment.
Increased age and HIV co-infection were associated with decreased cytokine induction, and especially IL-21 and IP-10 were less prevalent in HIV co-infected children with tuberculosis.