We hypothesized that superoxide scavenging or NADPH oxidase inhibition would improve cutaneous vasodilation in older adults exercising in the heat, particularly in healthy low-fit individuals and those with type 2 diabetes.
Our previous studies indicated that argirein which was developed by combining rhein with L-arginine by a hydrogen bond, could substantially relieved stress related exacerbation of cardiac failure and alleviated cardiac dysfunction in T2DM, which was associated with suppressing NADPH oxidase activity.
It has been proposed that pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is promoted by oxidative stress caused by NADPH oxidase (Nox) over-activity.
Here, we investigated whether argirein medication attenuated the vascular dysfunction in T2DM by inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis which was associated with NADPH oxidase.
Misfolded toxic human islet amyloid polypeptide or amylin (hA) and plasma membrane-associated redox complex, NADPH oxidase (NOX), have been implicated in the islet β-cell demise associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Furthermore, an interplay between ER stress and NADPH oxidase activity contributes to ROS production and may be a mechanism mediating endothelial cell adhesion and foam cell formation in T2D.
Short-term intravenous insulin infusion is associated with reduced expression of NADPH oxidase p47(phox) subunit in monocytes from type 2 diabetes patients.
The aim of this study was to examine the role of the NADPH oxidase C242T polymorphism in the development of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Patients were genotyped for ROS-scavenging enzymes, Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), Catalase, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, as well as SNPs of NADPH oxidase as ROS-promoting elements, genes related to onset of T2D (CAPN10, ADRB3, PPAR gamma, FATP4).
NADPH oxidase (p22(phox)) and HO-1 gene expression were probed by RT-PCR using leucocytes from patients with Type 2 diabetes without (n = 19) and with microangiopathy (n = 20) and non-diabetic subjects (n = 17).