This suggests that treatment of adiponectin effectively improves testicular functions by increasing expression of insulin receptor-mediated increased transport of energy substrate (glucose and lactate) and a marked reduction in oxidative stress are the possible mechanism by which adiponectin effectively improves testicular function in T2D mice.
Correction to: Functional Polymorphism Located in the microRNA Binding Site of the Insulin Receptor (INSR) Gene Confers Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Bangladeshi Population.
PBMCs incubated for 1 hour with plasma from T2DM and pre-T2DM participants had significantly lower levels of insulin receptor density compared to those incubated with plasma from control participants (<i>p</i> < 0.001).
Our study showed that the miRNA binding site polymorphism rs1366600 located at the 3'-UTR region of the INSR gene is associated with increased risk of T2DM in Bangladeshi individuals.
In this review, we discuss the role of insulin and the INSR in the development and endocrine activity of adipose tissue and the pharmacological implications for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Beyond these physiological roles of insulin, a shared feature between the periphery and CNS is that decreases in insulin receptor activity and signaling (i.e. insulin resistance) contributes to the pathological consequences of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity.
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is characterized by reduced or absent insulin receptor (INSR) responsiveness to its ligand, elevated hepatic glucose output and impaired glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, particularly skeletal muscle.
Mitsugumin 53 (MG53 or TRIM72), a striated muscle-specific E3 ligase, promotes ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 and subsequently induces insulin resistance, resulting in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1b) is the main enzyme involved in insulin receptor desensitization and has become a drug target for the treatment of Diabetes type II.
Mulberry leaf active components alleviate type 2 diabetes and its liver and kidney injury in db/db mice through insulin receptor and TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway.
Insulin therapy is often needed to overcome insulin receptor resistance in type 2 diabetes; however, the impact of providing additional insulin to already hyperinsulinemic subjects is not clear.
Fetuin-A is a physiological inhibitor of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and thus associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
We worked with a transgenic rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Tet29) in which the insulin receptor is knocked down by doxycycline-induced RNA interference.
Allosteric modulation of the insulin receptor (IR) with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can enhance insulin sensitivity and restore glycemic control in animal models of T2D.
Our studies of the molecular pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, focused on interaction between insulin receptor and GM3 in membrane microdomains, led to a novel concept: type 2 diabetes and certain other lifestyle-related diseases are membrane microdomain disorders resulting from aberrant expression of gangliosides.
Promoting the induction of gluconeogenic genes and blocking that of insulin receptor substrate (Irs)2 in hepatocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Chronic inflammation contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus by targeting the insulin receptor substrate protein-1 (IRS-1) signaling pathway.
Using hepatic Golgi/endosomes fractions, we established a proteome of insulin receptor-containing endosomes that allowed the study of physical protein interaction networks on a type 2 diabetes background.
We used the transgenic Tet29 diabetes rat model with an inducible knock down of the insulin receptor <i>via</i> RNA interference upon application of doxycycline (DOX) leading to insulin resistant type II diabetes.
In diabetes, solid experimental evidence shows that fetuin-A binds the β-subunit of the insulin receptor to attenuate insulin signaling, thereby contributing to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
In such a case, it is important to develop pharmacological interventions that directly restore plasma insulin levels, insulin receptor function, and hexokinase activity, thereby avoiding damage to neural tissue that is associated with cognitive deficits in diabetic patients, particularly patients with type-2 diabetes.