Overexpression of BMX-ARHGAP resulted in increased expression of CD133, CD44, SOX2 and Nanog protein, and accelerated proliferation and invasion of CD133<sup>+</sup>CD44<sup>+</sup> cells as well as facilitated self-renewal potential of GC cells.
In the multivariate analysis, simultaneous expression of FAP, CK5/6, and CD44 is a strong prognosticator of disease-specific survival (HR = 2.3; P = .001), together with nodal invasion (HR = 3.47; P < .0001) and bladder infiltration up to deep muscle or beyond (HR = 2.47; P = .02).
However, the capsule itself can mediate bacterial attachment to host cells by binding to the hyaluronic-acid binding protein, CD44.Furthermore, binding of the <i>S. pyogenes</i> capsule to CD44 on host epithelial cells can trigger signaling events that disrupt cell-cell junctions and facilitate bacterial invasion into deep tissues.
Tumours with the infiltrating pattern were associated with high FIGO grade (P = 0.002), reduced ER and PR, and CD44 expression (P = 0.014, 0.026, and 0.030, respectively); those with a MELF pattern showed LN metastasis (P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.011), and reduced ER, CD44, and CD133 expression (P = 0.036, 0.006, and 0.016, respectively).
Finally, we sorted out the group of tumors with simultaneous strong CD44 and strong RHAMM expression, and found a statistically significant correlation with the depth of myometrial invasion and LVSI.
The ability of TM to inhibit cell migration and invasion was enhanced or reversed in CD44s knockdown cells and cells overexpressing CD44s, respectively.
Several adhesion factors, including cadherin 6 (CDH6), cadherin 11 (CDH11) and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), have been reported to be involved in the invasion and metastasis of multiple types of cancer.
A previous study performed on a non-cardiac model showed that CD44-HA enhances Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1) activity, causing ECM remodeling, HA metabolism and tumor invasion.
Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma.
EDU assay, colony formation assay, cell migration and invasion assay were performed to detect the functions of CD44 in GBC-SD and NOZ transfected with si-RNA.
Next, using microarray analysis, we have identified and validated Survivin, Cortactin and TGF-β2 as novel CD44-downstream target genes, and characterized their signaling pathways underpinning CD44-promoted breast cancer (BC) cell invasion.