In view of its similarity to IL-2 in its effects on immune cells, we sought to determine whether IL-15 can induce the expansion of AIDS virus-specific pre-CTL to mature CTL.
Functionally, the IL-2R+ monocytes were capable of depleting IL-2 from culture supernatants, suggesting a mechanism for the reduced IL-2 levels commonly seen in AIDS patients.
Events in the human interleukin 2-dependent helper T-cell line WE17/10 are similar in several respects to the clinical progression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
It was possible that T-cell depletion in acquired immune deficiency syndrome could be due to an impairment of TCGF synthesis and that adult T-cell leukemia could be due to unregulated production of TCGF.
Furthermore, IFN-γ is an important pathogenetic factor in some immune-mediated bone diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Interferon gamma receptor knockout mice developed a chronic infection when inoculated with spores of Encephalitozoon intestinalis which is a cause of intestinal microsporidiosis in AIDS patients.
The intestinal microbiota of AIDS/HIV patients were disordered, and there was a correlation between the amount of intestinal flora and the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6.
Compared to healthy HIV-negative controls, the colon of AIDS patients was highly inflamed with increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-18), chemokines (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2 and chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand (CXCL)10) and transcription factors (TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 and T-box (TXB)21).
This study highlights that polymorphic sites spanning the region nearby the TNF locus are associated with AIDS per se and with cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients.
The simian M. avium isolate grew significantly better than did an isolate from an AIDS patient or a chicken isolate (P = .001); it induced significantly more TNF-alpha production in Mphis from SIV-positive and SIV-negative monkeys than did the isolate from an AIDS patient (P = .013).
Indeed, elevated expression of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), thought to be neurotoxic, has been found in AIDS patients.
For example, concentration of TNF-alpha is increased in brain tissue of individuals who died with AIDS and correlates with the severity of AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC).
Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA were not associated with increased levels of IL-1 beta messenger RNA, suggesting differential regulation of these monokines in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In in situ hybridization experiments, TNF-alpha mRNA was shown to be abundantly present in colonic mucosa from AIDS patients with CMV colitis but not in colonic mucosa from control (AIDS and normal) subjects.
The HLA-B*5703 allele confers susceptibility to the development of spondylarthropathies in Zambian human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with slow progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.