CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE are tumor markers used for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer, respectively.
CYFRA21-1 and SCC-Ag were significantly higher in SCC, NSE was significantly higher in SCLC (P<0.001), and CEA was higher in adenocarcinoma (P = 0.343).
Biopsies from the anal canal tumor, swollen lymph node, and Paget lesion all showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine features expressing synaptophysin and chromogranin A. Serum CEA and NSE levels were high, 809.4 ng/ml and 85.8 ng/ml, respectively.
CEA and NSE levels were higher in adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumour, respectively, while SCC-Ag and CYFRA21-1 levels were higher in squamous cell cancer.
CEA levels (P < 0.001 for DFS; P = 0.002 for OS) and clinical stage were independently predictive and prognostic in EGFR wild-type adenocarcinoma patients.
Expression of NCAM and CEA was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma subgroup than those in SqCC subgroup (45.7 and 75% vs. 14.8 and 39%, respectively).
Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family member 2 (CGM2), a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, is expressed in normal colon and rectum but is down-regulated in colorectal adenocarcinomas.
Northern blot analyses identified a 2.5-kilobase CGM2 mRNA that is strongly down-regulated in colonic adenocarcinomas compared with adjacent colonic mucosa, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor function.