Combination immunohistochemistry for SMAD4 and Runt-related transcription factor 3 may identify a favorable prognostic subgroup of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
The pooled OR was obtained from eleven studies including 271 squamous cell carcinoma and 389 adenocarcinoma (OR 0.41, confidence interval 0.19-0.89, P=0.02), which indicated that RUNX3 hypermethylation is significantly higher in adenocarcinoma that in squamous cell carcinoma.
Targeted inactivation of Runx3 in mouse lung induced mucinous and nonmucinous adenomas and markedly shortened latency of adenocarcinoma formation induced by oncogenic K-Ras.
Our results suggest a central role of RUNX3 downregulation in pulmonary adenocarcinoma, which may not be dependent of other established cancer-causing pathways and may have important diagnostic and screening implications.
Folate concentrations and methylation of LINE-1, RASSF1, and RUNX3 were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma compared to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
In conclusion, the hypermethylation of RASSF1A or RUNX3 gene is therefore a useful biomarker to predict the prognosis in NSCLC, particularly RASSF1A due to SCCs and RUNX3 due to ACs.
RUNX3 methylation was significantly more frequent in non-smokers (16/43, 37.2%) than smokers (12/71, 16.9%; p=0.014), and in patients with AdC (26/72, 36.1%) than in patients with SqC (3/45, 6.7%; p<0.001).