Adenomas and carcinomas showing both nuclear and reduced membranous expression of beta-catenin, compared with those with normal membranous expression, tended to show allele loss ( P<0.01).
Adenomas and carcinomas from patients with MYH biallelic mutation showed a different pattern of expression: a strong granular cytoplasmic staining was observed without any nuclear expression.
Adenoma and early tumor Stage I (International Union Against Cancer) displayed both unmethylated and methylated secreted frizzled-related protein-1 promoter sequences, whereas advanced tumor stages showed only methylated secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (P = 0.05).
Adenomas had higher expression of SphK1 vs. normal mucosa, and colon cancers with metastasis had higher expression of SphK1 than those without metastasis.
Adenomas and carcinomas exhibited a significantly higher HER2 mRNA expression when compared to normal mammary glands, although no significant difference between benign and malignant tumors was noticed by qRT-PCR.
Adenomas had lower mutational rates than did colorectal cancers and showed recurrent alterations in known cancer driver genes (APC, KRAS, FBXW7, TCF7L2) and AIs in chromosomes 5, 7, and 13.
Adenoma volumes positively correlated with baseline plasma GH levels before and after oral glucose administration, and with plasma IGF-I and PRL levels.
MTHFR polymorphism, methyl-replete diets and the risk of colorectal carcinoma and adenoma among U.S. men and women: an example of gene-environment interactions in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Pendrin is closely related to a family of sulfate transport proteins that includes the rat sulfate-anion transporter (encoded by Sat-1; 29% amino acid sequence identity), the human diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (encoded by DTD; 32%) and the human sulfate transporter 'downregulated in adenoma' (encoded by DRA; 45%).
TPO expression was decreased in thyroid carcinomas, but was normal in cold adenomas; it was increased in toxic adenomas and Graves' thyroid tissues Tg expression was decreased in thyroid carcinomas, but was normal in the other tissues.
RAD51 mRNA expression was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequence analysis of the entire coding region of the RAD51 cDNA was performed in all nine adenomas.
FAP coli patients treated by prophylactic surgery are now known to be at risk of developing adenomas anywhere in the intestine and many affected patients later die from upper gastrointestinal tumors.
KRAS activation (an early event in polypoid colorectal adenomas) apparently does not play a significant role in nonpolypoid adenoma development but may result in the development of a polypoid configuration.
K-ras gene mutations were detected with high frequency in 50% or more cases of the adenomas (14 of 19), borderline tumors (4 of 7), and carcinomas (8 of 11), whereas LOH of the p53 gene was limited to carcinomas (3 of 5 informative cases, 60%) and always accompanied by K-ras gene mutation.
Ptx1 was detected in 10/14 (71.4%) of growth hormone (GH)-secreting adenomas, 12/12 (100%) of prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenomas, 18/20 (90%) of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting adenomas, 6/7 (85.7%) of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting adenomas, and 17/20 (85%) of clinically non-functioning adenomas, including 9/10 (90%) of gonadotropin-subunit-positive adenomas.