The preoperative free thyroxine, thyroxine, GH, IGF-1, follicular-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly lower in the giant adenoma group (n = 43) than in the large adenoma group (n = 121).
Larger initial adenoma size (odds ratio [OR] 12.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-141.3; p = 0.048) and high post-operative IGF-1 levels (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.1-19.2; p = 0.040) were predictors for non-full remission and uncontrolled disease, respectively.
Univariate analyses confirmed that sGHD recovery improved significantly in patients that were younger, had only undergone a single primary surgery, had not had anterior hormone deficiency except GH, and had cystic adenoma or normal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) standard deviation score (SD-S) levels immediately after surgery.
We examined the association of circulating levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-1, and SNPs in the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), IGF-2 receptor (IGF2R), and insulin receptor genes with risk of adenomas in a sample of 410 incident adenoma cases and 1,070 controls from the Case Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Colon Adenomas Study.
Recent data suggest that soluble Klotho (sKlotho), besides and in addition to IGF-1, may help monitor the activity of GH-producing adenomas (presumably reflecting GH action on the kidneys) and may be a useful supplementary tool.
The E-cadherin level correlated positively to tumor reduction after SMS treatment, and adenomas with nuclear E-cadherin staining had lower IGF-I reduction and tumor shrinkage.
IGF-IR expression was significantly higher in pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas than adenomas (9.1 +/- 3.1 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.3; P = 0.0001), whereas its expression was similar in adult adrenocortical carcinomas and adenomas.
Somatostatin and lanreotide inhibited cell proliferation in phorbol ester (PMA)-stimulated conditions (10/13 adenomas), as well as after fetal calf serum (3/3 adenomas) or IGF-I stimulation (2/2 adenomas).
We considered patients as "poorly controlled" who still showed elevated GH and IGF-I plasma levels, uninhibited GH after OGTT (GH > 1 microg/l), presence of clinical activity and/or radiological signs of adenoma recurrence, even if a reduction of tumor size had been demonstrated.
These findings suggest that the attenuation of negative feedback through the pituitary GH-IGF-I axis may be involved in development of GH-producing adenoma.
Cryosectioned normal human adrenal glands (n = 6), cortical adenoma (n = 21), and carcinoma (n = 17) were stained immunohistochemically for IGF-1 and its receptor, and human adrenocortical cancer cells expressing the receptor were analysed for influences on proliferation.