We confirm that combining GLP-1 and GIP results in a variety of beneficial effects, providing key evidences for the development of a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
FIM protein, which consists of 155 amino acids, was developed as a novel GLP-1 analog to reduce blood glucose, and pharmacodynamic results showed that it had a certain effect when used in treating Alzheimer's disease.The molecular weight of FIM is 16304Da.
Various types of antidiabetic drugs such as insulin, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, biguanides, and others have been reported to be effective on cognitive impairment in animal models and patients with DM or AD.Here, recent reports are reviewed.
<b>Results</b>: Recent literature shows that GLP-1 and its agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors and combined GLP-1/GIP molecules are effective in partially or fully reversing the effects of neurotoxic compounds, neurovascular complications of diabetes, neuropathological changes related with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or vascular occlusion.
Moreover, modulation of GLP-1 activity can influence amyloid β peptide aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dopamine (DA) levels in Parkinson's disease (PD).
In this study, we examined the effect of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), its lipidized analog palm11-PrRP31 and glucagon-like-peptide-1 agonist liraglutide, substances with anorexigenic and antidiabetic properties, on tau phosphorylation and on the main kinases and phosphatases involved in AD development.
We examined the effect of 8-month intranasal administration of insulin, exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist), combination therapy (insulin + exenatide) or saline, in wild-type (WT) and an AD-like mouse model (Tg2576).
We review studies revealing the neuroprotective actions of GLP-1 analogues in pre-clinical models of AD and PD and promising results from recent clinical trials.
The current study was designed to further investigated the potential of GLP-2 in memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in mice, which have been used as an animal model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are being utilized as neuroprotectants in the treatment of various neurological disorders, including AD.
The signaling axis of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has been an important component in overcoming diabetes, and recent reports have uncovered novel beneficial roles of this signaling axis in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia, accelerating processes for exendin-4 repositioning.
These data suggest that MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 could be used as a safe and effective nonabsorbed oral treatment for neuroinflammation-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Given the increasingly recognized link between AD and defective brain insulin signaling, we investigated the actions of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog marketed for treatment of type 2 diabetes, in experimental models of AD.
Previous research has demonstrated that GLP-1 analogs are neuroprotective in several neurological disease models including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke.
In the present study, we reported for the first time the neuroprotective effects of a novel GLP-1/GIP dual agonist DA5-CH that activates the incretin hormone GLP-1 and GIP receptors in the APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model.
The bioresorbable polymer poly-lactic acid (PLA) has high potential for medical implants; at the same time, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have considerable neuroprotective attributes and represent a therapeutic strategy for AD.
Previous studies have shown that the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) that have anti-diabetic properties show very promising effects in animal models of AD.
The protease resistant GLP-1 analogue liraglutide has been shown to be neuroprotective in previous studies in animal models of Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease.
Furthermore, recent studies have also suggested that GLP-1 based therapies, new class of antidiabetic drugs, have favorable effects on neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone shown to be active in the treatment of type-2 diabetes (T2D) and has also been shown as efficacious in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive discussion about the use of GLP-1 mimetics drugs, which have been developed as a treatment for T2DM but seem to possess a number of other physiological properties, including neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, that may be useful to slow AD progression.
We hypothesized that the GLP-1 analog liraglutide would prevent the decline of CMR<sub>glc</sub> in AD by raising blood-brain glucose transfer, depending on the duration of disease.