We compared immunohistochemical expression of the transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3) using brain tissue from patients with nondominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (NDAD) (n = 9), autosomal dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease with linkage to 14q24.3 (FAD-14) (n = 4), and cognitively normal controls (n = 10) to determine whether their pathologic changes are associated with an altered distribution of the TGF-betas.