CHIT1 did not affect Aβ uptake in microglia by itself, but did enhance TGFβ1-induced phagocytosis of Aβ, which was blocked by pretreatment with SB431542 (TβRI inhibitor).
Recently, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was implicated in cerebrovascular amyloid formation in transgenic mice with astroglial overproduction of TGF-beta1 and in AD.