Optineurin (OPTN) was initially identified as a regulator of NF-κB and interferon signaling, but attracted most attention because of its association with various human disorders such as glaucoma, Paget disease of bone, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
We identified 5 unrelated patients with ALS homozygous for the null 691_692insAG mutation in the optineurin gene (OPTN), accounting for 5.8% of ALS of Moroccan origin and 0.3% of Ashkenazi.
Inhibition or depletion of TBK1, or expression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated OPTN or TBK1 mutant blocks efficient autophagosome formation.
Most of the glaucoma-associated mutations of optineurin are heterozygous missense mutations, whereas the ALS-associated mutations include deletion, truncation, and missense mutations.
In 2010, autosomal recessively inherited mutations in the optineurin (OPTN) gene were found in 1% of Japanese patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
In vitro experiments confirmed the loss of expression of TBK1 LoF mutant alleles, or loss of interaction of the C-terminal TBK1 coiled-coil domain (CCD2) mutants with the TBK1 adaptor protein optineurin, which has been shown to be involved in ALS pathogenesis.
The impact of PINK1-mediated phosphorylation of Ub and TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of autophagy receptors (OPTN and p62) has been recently linked to the development of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, respectively.
OPTN (optineurin) is an autophagy receptor and mutations in the OPTN gene result in familial glaucoma (E50K) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (E478G).
The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of optineurin (OPTN) mutation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients from mainland China, as well as to characterize the relationship between OPTN mutation and clinical phenotypes.
TBK1 is known to bind to and phosphorylate a number of proteins involved in innate immunity and autophagy, including optineurin (OPTN) and p62 (SQSTM1/sequestosome), both of which have also been implicated in ALS.
Cases C-E carried heterozygous missense mutations in TBK1, including the p.Glu696Lys mutation which was previously reported in two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and is located in the OPTN binding domain.
These defects are rescued by expression of siRNA-resistant wild-type optineurin, but not by an ALS-associated mutant in the ubiquitin binding domain (E478G), or by optineurin with a mutation in the LIR domain.
Optineurin, a cytosolic protein associated with the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules, and the Golgi complex, appears to have an important function in neurons, as mutations in its gene are causative for neurodegenerative diseases such as primary open-angle glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Optineurin (OPTN) is a multifunctional protein and its mutations are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as POAG and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Nuclear factor κ B expression in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with optineurin mutations.