Herein we show that activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is necessary for 2-OHE<sub>2</sub> - and 4-OHE<sub>2</sub> -induced P-UAEC proliferation, as well as proliferation induced by the parent hormone E<sub>2</sub> β and other β-AR signalling hormones (i.e. catecholamines).