In summary, resistin protein is present in both murine and human atherosclerotic lesions, and mRNA levels progressively increase in the aortas of mice developing atherosclerosis.
Purpose of the present study was to examine for the first time in a German Caucasian population the possible association between this polymorphism and DM-2, hypertension, lipoprotein levels, resistin levels as well as atherosclerosis.
We hypothesized that the -420C>G putative gain-of-function resistin variant would be associated with inflammatory markers and atherosclerosis but not with metabolic syndrome or adipokines in humans.
Resistin also seems to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis in humans by promoting the formation of foam cells and the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
These data suggest a differential role for these two proinflammatory adipokines in linking metabolic diseases to atherosclerosis with visfatin/PBEF/Nampt being more important in patients with type 2 diabetes and resistin in obese but nondiabetic human subjects.
Thus, human resistin is a novel therapeutic target for mitigating common hepatic pathophysiological processes associated with human obesity, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
RETNrs1862513 polymorphism does not seem to be a genetic risk factor for both clinically evident CV disease and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with RA.
Adipocytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, leptin, resistin along with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) are important mediators in glucose homeostasis in association with CD36 and can be used as markers for T2DM and atherosclerosis.
The development of human calcified aortic stenosis (AS) includes age-dependent processes that have been involved in atherosclerosis, such as infiltration of macrophages in aortic valves, which then promote production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, including resistin.
The development of atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifactorial process, in which elevated plasma resistin (a key factor leading to insulin resistance) levels play an important role.
Present study shows that 420C/G polymorphism of resistin gene directly correlated to its high circulating level and metabolic risk factors, specifically markers of obesity and atherosclerosis, so it may have an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome and cardio metabolic diseases.
Using apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE<sup>-/-</sup>) mice on a high fat (HF) diet as an atherosclerotic obesity model, we demonstrated 1) microRNA-155 (miRNA-155, miR-155) is significantly up-regulated in the aortas of apoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice, and miR-155 deficiency in apoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice inhibits atherosclerosis; 2) apoE<sup>-/-</sup>/miR-155<sup>-/-</sup> (double knock-out (DKO)) mice show HF diet-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and present with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; 3) DKO mice demonstrate HF diet-induced elevations of plasma leptin, resistin, fed-state and fasting insulin and increased expression of adipogenic transcription factors but lack glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
Significant up-regulation of PBMCs CAP1, CD36 mRNA and plasma resistin found in significant CAD, as well as in nonsignificant CAD compared to CG, indicates that resistin could be able to exert its effects stronger on cells with up-regulated CAP1 mRNA thus contributing atherosclerosis development.
Between 2002 and 2005, 1970 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis completed detailed health history and physical activity questionnaires, underwent physical measurements including computed tomography to quantify abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat, and measurements of adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and resistin.
However, the relationships between circulating levels of novel adipose tissue-derived inflammatory factors, including resistin, vaspin, and visfatin, and the severity of atherosclerosis have not been determined.
Resistin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke.