Conclusions- Gene deletion of miR-21 in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice alters Ly-6C<sup>lo</sup> nonclassical monocytes homeostasis and contribute to limit early-stage atherosclerosis.
<b>Conclusion:</b> Exosomal miR-21-3p from nicotine-treated macrophages may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis by increasing VSMC migration and proliferation through its target PTEN.
MicroRNA-21 suppresses ox-LDL-induced human aortic endothelial cells injuries in atherosclerosis through enhancement of autophagic flux: Involvement in promotion of lysosomal function.
Interestingly, we found that miR-21 is the most abundant miRNA in macrophages and its absence results in accelerated atherosclerosis, plaque necrosis, and vascular inflammation. miR-21 expression influences foam cell formation, sensitivity to ER-stress-induced apoptosis, and phagocytic clearance capacity.
For instance, miR-21 is involved in ischemic stroke pathology through atherosclerosis and provides neuroprotection by its anti-apoptotic features. miR-497 induces neuronal death and miR-210 is upregulated in hypoxic cells.
This study aimed to determine the role of miR-21 in Treg cell regulation and gene expression during the development of AS in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
Levels of atherosclerosis-related miR-21, 126, 155 and 210 are decreased in the stenotic-kidney vein of ARAS compared with EH patients, likely due to decreased GFR.
Macrophage-derived matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 is considered for degrading extracellular matrix and collagen, thereby thinning the fibrous cap in plaques. miR-21 is implicated to play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis.
Stroke patients and atherosclerosis subjects had significantly higher miR-21 and lower miR-221 serum levels than healthy controls, while the miR-145 expression was too low to provide useful information in this regard.
Heavy metals might lead to atherosclerosis and kidney damage. miR-21, 126, 155 and 221 regulated endothelial function and might contribute to the development of albuminuria.