Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-recognized, independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, with elevated levels estimated to be prevalent in 20% of the population.
The association between elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been discussed for many years.
The purpose of this review is to highlight our emerging understanding of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]'s role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), its structure-function relationship, and promising developments within the therapeutic pipeline.
A considerable body of data from genetic and epidemiological studies strongly support a causal relationship between high lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels, and the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Evaluating the Potential Association Between Lipoprotein(a) and Atherosclerosis (from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis Among South Asians Living in America Cohort).
Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors such as lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), the genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) increase the prevalence of atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) through quantitative and qualitative alterations.
There is now significant evidence to support an independent causal role for lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Lipoprotein(a) and other ASCVD risk factors were measured at baseline (1996-1998) in the biracial Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study; participants without prevalent ASCVD (coronary heart disease or stroke) were monitored ∼15 years for incident ASCVD events.
The conventional model of atherosclerosis presumes that the mass of cholesterol within very low-density lipoprotein particles, low-density lipoprotein particles, chylomicron, and lipoprotein (a) particles in plasma is the principal determinant of the mass of cholesterol that will be deposited within the arterial wall and will drive atherogenesis.
While most work has focused on LDL, oxidation of which has long been associated with pro-inflammatory responses and atherosclerosis, some studies on HDL, VLDL and Lipoprotein(a) have also been reported.
The use of transgenic and gene knockout animals, gene manipulated cells, pharmacological LPA receptor agonists and antagonists have provided many insights into the biological significance of LPA and individual LPA receptors in the progression of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases.
Elevated lipoprotein(a) levels are associated with coronary artery calcium scores in asymptomatic individuals with a family history of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Although lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has been regarded as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), its predictive role in outcomes in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has been undetermined.
In this study, a cohort of 110 patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) due to hypercholesterolemia or concomitant lipoprotein(a)-hyperlipoproteinemia, who received PCSK9 antibodies for the first time during routine care, were consecutively identified.
Interest in lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has exploded over the past decade with the emergence of genetic and epidemiological studies pinpointing elevated levels of this unique lipoprotein as a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD).
LDL-C is unquestionably causal in the development of atherogenesis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but new options are required to address triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein(a).
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] ≥ 50 mg/dL predict atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in adults with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), but their role for children with FH is less clear.
We examined the association of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), small-dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C), lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (LpPLA<sub>2</sub>) activity with 15-year change in Delayed Word Recall Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Word Fluency Test (WFT), and overall summary score in 9,350 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.